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46 records were found.
A retrospective serologic survey was conducted for antibodies against MAC in a random sample of 623
free-rang- ing wild mammals killed on roads and by hunters, or found dead in east-central Portugal.
Animals were tested for antibodies to Mycobacterium avium complex with a commercial enzyme linked
assay. The seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium complex infection was 4.7% (n=29; CI 95%: 25.4 -
32.7%). Antibodies against MAC were detected in 4 out of 11 animal species included in this study,
consisted of 1/42 red fox (Vulpes vulpes) (2.4%; CI 95%: 0.0-4.0%), 1/6 Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra)
(16.7%), 1/3 European badger (Meles meles) (33.3%), and 26/109 wild boar (Sus scro- fa) (23.9%; CI
95%: 17.8-34.2%). Infection was found in three taxonomic families: 2.4% (CI 95%: 0.0-4.0%) in Canidae,
16.7% (CI 95%: 0.0-37.8%) in Mustelidae, and 23.9% (CI 95%: 17.8-34.2%) in Suidae. No positive sera
were found in the common genet, Egyptian mongoose, beech marten, hedgehog, wild rabbit, red deer or
fallow deer. Results of the present study indicate that antibodies against MAC were present in wild
carnivores and wild boars in Iberian Peninsula. According to the test sensitivity and speci city claimed by
the manufacturer, the true prevalence Mycobacterium avium complex infection among wild mammals in
the Iberian Peninsula was calculated to be between 10.7% and 13.6%.
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Selecção de primers para análise molecular, através de RAPDs e ISSRs, de animais das famílias Cervidae e Suidae.
Poster apresentado nas IV Jornadas de Genética, realizadas na UTAD, Vila Real, nos dias 1,2 e 3 de Março de 2012.
The aim of this study was to describe histopathological aspects observed in mesenteric lymph nodes
collected from 60 hunter-killed deer (Cervus elaphus)
during the 2009-2010 hunting seasons. Each sample
was fixed in 10% buffered formalin and processed by
the standard methods.
We report granulomatous lymphadenitis in red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Portugal caused by coinfection with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, as demonstrated by molecular methods.
In humans, Nocardia species have the
potential to cause localised or disseminated
infection (Cooper and others 2014). This
genus has previously been detected in
wild ungulates (Vemireddi and others
2007, Domenis and others 2009) but
not in wild boar (Sus scrofa). Although
hundreds of ungulates are hunted in
the Iberian Peninsula annually, no case
of nocardiosis from wild boar has been
reported.
A total of 49 road-killed red foxes were used for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) in Portugal. MTC infection was detected by PCR in 10 red foxes (20.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 8.8-31.2%) and confirmed in three (6.1%; 95% CI 0.0-7.9%) of them by microbiological culture. The complex was detected in 20 tissues out of 441 by PCR techniques (4.5%; 95% CI 16.3-23.7%) and in seven tissues out of 441 (1.6%; 95% CI 4.6-9.4%) by culture. MTC was most frequently detected in the brain (8.2%) and in the mediastinal lymph nodes (8.2%). The seven cultures obtained were positive for M. bovis by PCR-based genotyping of the MTC targeting genomic deletions. This study confirms the presence of disseminated M. bovis in red foxes in Portugal, and it is the first report in the world of the natural infection in the animals' brains.
A survey to determine the occurrence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in wild carnivores in Portugal was conducted by testing samples from road-killed animals between 2009 and 2012. Postmortem examinations were performed and tissues were collected from wild carnivores representing four families and six different species, with a total of 74 animals analyzed. Cultures were performed by using Löwenstein-Jensen and Middlebrook 7H11 solid media and acid-fast isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and mycobactin dependency characteristics. Tissues were also screened for MAP by directly extracting DNA and testing for the MAP-specific sequences. The occurrence of infected animals (an animal had at least one tissue that was positive for culture or direct PCR) was 27.0% (n = 20). MAP was isolated from culture of 25 tissue samples (3.8%) and was detected by direct PCR in 40 (6.0%) samples. Infection was recorded in 5/6 studied species: 7/49 (14.3%) red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 3/3 (100%) beech martens (Martes foina), 2/4 (50.0%) Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra), 7/15 (46.7%) Egyptian mongooses (Herpestes ichneumon), and 1/1 (100%) European badger (Meles meles). These species represent three different taxonomic families: Canidae (14.3% were positive), Mustelidae (75.0% were positive), and Herpestidae (46.7% were positive). The results of this study confirm the presence of MAP infection in wild carnivores in Portugal.
Estudo da diversidade genética de Mycobacterium bovis obtidos em mamíferos selvagens.
Pulmonary lesions consistent with disseminated adiaspiromycosis in Egyptian mongooses (Herpestes ichneumon) from Portugal.
The prevalence of caseous-calcareous nodules in
mesenteric lymph nodes of wild boar (Sus scrofa) and
deer (Cervus elaphus) was studied from October 2009
to January 2010 in 228 animals (126 wild boars and
102 deer) hunted in Castelo Branco region.
Pulmonary lesions consistent with disseminated adiaspiromycosis in egyptian mongooses (Herpestes ichneumon) from Portugal.
Mycobacterium bovis in an egyptian mongoose.
Disseminated Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infections were found in two Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra, L. 1758) killed by vehicular trauma in February and March 2010 in Castelo Branco, Portugal. At postmortem examination, the organs showed no significant gross alterations; however, microscopically, both animals had diffuse lymphadenitis with macrophage infiltration and deposition of hyaline material in the center of the lymphoid follicles. Acid-fast organisms were isolated from gastrointestinal tissue samples via bacteriologic culture. These organisms were identified as M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis by IS900 polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Additionally, direct IS900 PCR-positive results were obtained for multiple organs of both animals. This is the first report of MAP infection of otters in Portugal.
Serosurvey of Mycobacterium avium Complex in wild boars in Portugal.
Occurrence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in road killed wild carnivores in Portugal.
Laboratório de Parasitologia.
Several studies have demonstrated that wildlife reservoirs of mycobacteria are responsible for the maintenance and spreading of the infection to livestock and wildlife counterparts. Recent data report the role of wild boar (Sus scrofa) as a reservoir for Mycobacterium bovis. This study was conducted to evaluate the chronic inflammatory response in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of wild boar with granulomatous lymphadenitis (n=30). Morphological parameters of the lesions were recorded. The expression of CD3 and CD79α molecules was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Molecular genotyping and culture to identify mycobacteria were performed. The lesions consisted mainly of stage III and stage IV granulomas. CD3 and CD79α positive cells were observed in 15 (50%) and in 11 (36.6%) MLN, respectively. In these lesions, higher percentages of T lymphocytes were found and a limited number of animals exhibited a tendency for an increased percentage of B lymphocytes. Our results suggest that there are similar percentages and distribution patterns of CD3 and CD79α in the lesions, regardless of the presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), M. bovis or Map-M. bovis co-infection, and confirm that wild boar is both susceptible and could be an important Map and M. bovis wild reservoir in the study area.
The Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) causes infections and diseases in humans, birds, livestock, and wildlife, among others. In dogs, MAC infection is not frequent; however, due to its potential zoonotic characteristics, mainly in immunocompromised patients, the study of MAC epidemiology is necessary. The aim of this work was to perform a study to detect the presence of antibodies against MAC in serum samples of 53 hunting dogs in the Idanha-a-Nova municipality of East-Central Portugal. A total of 23 dogs were seropositive by commercial ELISA test (43.4%, 95% CI: 30.1%–56.7%). Factors such as age, breed, and sex were not significant. The results of the current study indicate that further investigations about the diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance of the MAC in dogs must be carried out to highlight its significance in animal and public health.
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O diagnóstico histoquímico de micobacterioses, através da visualização de bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes (BAAR), em esfregaços corados mediante a técnica de Ziehl-Neelsen, a partir de amostras de tecidos, é considerada como uma boa técnica de diagnóstico presuntivo. Neste estudo pretendeu-se avaliar a frequência de visualização de BAAR em rim e gânglios linfáticos mesentéricos com lesões granulomatosas em veados (Cervus elaphus) e javalis (Sus scrofa). Os esfregaços de cada órgão foram efectuados sobre uma lâmina de vidro e as preparações foram coradas de acordo com o método de Ziehl-Neelsen.
Dos 91 esfregaços de gânglios mesentéricos analisados, 46 (50,5%) mostraram BAAR compatíveis, sendo classificados como positivos. Vinte e dois esfregaços de rim dos 25 analisados (88%) apresentaram BAAR. Dos 25 animais, em que foram observados simultaneamente esfregaços de gânglios mesentéricos e rim, 15 (60%) apresentaram resultados coincidentes. Em javalis, a frequência de esfregaços, classificados como positivos, foi de 76,2% (32/42) e em veados de 48,6% (36/74).
Neste estudo, o rim revelou-se o órgão com maior frequência de visualização de BAAR, e o javali como a espécie animal que apresentou maior percentagem de resultados positivos.
ranulomatous sesions and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Portuguese wild boars (Sus scrofa).
Diffuse lymphadenitis and disseminated Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in two wild Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra L. 1758).
Prevalência da infeção de Mycobacterium bovis em quatro famílias de carnívoros selvagens em Portugal.
Epidemiologia do Complexo Mycobacterium avium em mamíferos selvagens em Portugal. Uma abordagem molecular.
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Tuberculose disseminada com manifestações cerebrais, pulmonares, ganglionares e intestinais em raposas.
Diffuse lymphadenitis and disseminated Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in two wild eurasian otters (Lutra lutra L. 1758).
Renal lesions in deer (Cervus elaphus) - Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis involvelment.
Granulomatous lesions and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in portuguese wild boars (Sus scrofa).
Primeiro caso de deteção de Talaromyces marneffei em amostras nasais de humanos.
Primeiro caso de deteção de Talaromyces marneffei num felino.
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We report a case of Talaromyces marneffei skin infection in an Egyptian mongoose ( Herpestes ichneumon) in Portugal. The isolated fungus was identified through its mycologic characteristics, morphology, and PCR amplification.
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Among the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids is now the rising concern within Europe. CWD will be outlined in this chapter gathering its epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, genetics, and control. Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of an abnormal isoform of the prion protein (PrPc), usually designated by PrPsc or prion. CWD is a prion disease of natural transmission affecting cervids detected mainly in North America. The first European case was detected in Norway, in 2016, in a wild reindeer; until April 2018, a total of 23 cases were described. The definite diagnosis is postmortem, performed in target areas of the brain and lymph nodes. Samples are first screened using a rapid test and, if positive, confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblotting. It is not possible to establish a culling plan based on the genotype, once affected animals appear with all genotypes. However, some polymorphisms seem to result in longer incubation periods or confer a reduced risk. The control is not easy in captive cervids and even more in the wildlife; some recommendations have been proposed in order to understand the danger and impact of CWD on animal and public health.
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Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) or prion diseases are a fatal group of infectious, inherited and spontaneous neurodegenerative diseases affecting human and animals. They are caused by the conversion of cellular prion protein (PrPC) into a misfolded pathological isoform (PrPSc or prion- proteinaceous infectious particle) that self-propagates by conformational conversion of PrPC. Yet by an unknown mechanism, PrPC can fold into different PrPSc conformers that may result in different prion strains that display specific disease phenotype (incubation time, clinical signs and lesion profile). Although the pathways for neurodegeneration as well as the involvement of brain inflammation in these diseases are not well understood, the spongiform changes, neuronal loss, gliosis and accumulation of PrPSc are the characteristic neuropathological lesions. Scrapie affecting small ruminants was the first identified TSE and has been considered the archetype of prion diseases, though atypical and new animal prion diseases continue to emerge highlighting the importance to investigate the lesion profile in naturally affected animals. In this report, we review the neuropathology and the neuroinflammation of animal prion diseases in natural hosts from scrapie, going through the zoonotic bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), the chronic wasting disease (CWD) to the newly identified camel prion disease (CPD).
Wasting disease in small ruminants is frequently detected at slaughterhouses. The wasting disorder is manifested by the deterioration of the nutritional and physiological state of the animal indicated by thinness, emaciation, and cachexia. Evidence of emaciation and cachexia, alone, are pathological conditions leading to carcass condemnation during an inspection. Several diseases are associated with a wasting condition, including scrapie, pseudotuberculosis, tuberculosis, paratuberculosis, Maedi Visna, and tumor diseases. On the other hand, parasitic diseases, nutrition disorders, exposure or ingestion of toxins, metabolic conditions, inadequate nutrition due to poor teeth, or poor alimentary diet are conditions contributing to poor body condition. Classical and atypical scrapie is naturally occurring transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in small ruminants. The etiological agent for each one is prions. However, each of these scrapie types is epidemiologically, pathologically, and biochemically different. Though atypical scrapie occurs at low incidence, it is consistently prevalent in the small ruminant population. Hence, it is advisable to include differential diagnosis of this disease, from other possibilities, as a cause of wasting conditions detected during meat inspection at the abattoir. This manuscript is a review of the measures in force at the abattoir for scrapie control, focusing on the differential diagnosis of gross lesions related to wasting conditions detected in small ruminants during meat inspection.
