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Bibliografia : p. 49
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Processamento e conservaçäo dos alimentos
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare parameters that may influence gait (strength, balance, fear of falling, Root Mean Square on the maximal voluntary contraction, Foot Minimum Clearance, stride length, speed and leg support time) and check whether a relationship exists between these parameters and the risk of falling. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised a total of 30 patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These were divided by the group with no history of falls (n=15) and the group with a history of falls (n=15). The strength evaluation was performed using the Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer System; balance using the Berg Scale, the fear of falling through Falls Eficacy Scale, and the Root Mean Square on the maximum voluntary contraction using the surface electromyography, the Foot Minimum Clearance, and stride length, speed and leg support time were assessed by kinematic analysis. To assess the risk of falling was applied Timed Up and Go Test, Performance Oriented Mobility Assessement and Berg Balance Scale. Results: Significant differences in relation to an equilibrium with p=0.000 and the Performance Oriented Mobility Assessement with p=0.001. The remaining parameters were not found statistically significant differences between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that for the group with a history of falls strength, balance and Foot Minimum Clearance and support time left is smaller and the fear of falling, Root Mean Square on the maximal voluntary contraction, velocity and time to support law is superior compared to group with no history of falls.
Objectives: The objective of this research was to verify if there was a variation in the MFC (Minimum Foot Clearance) value among elderly with and without history of falls and, if there were any, verify which joint of the lower limb was responsible for that variation. It was also a main objective to verify if there was a correlation between the risk of falling, achieved through the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and the MFC variation.
Material and Methods: The sample consisted of a total of 30 elderly who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These were divided into the group without history of falls (n=15) and into the group with history of falls (n=15). The MFC and the joint movement amplitudes of the hip, knee and ankle, of the dominant lower limb, were assessed using the Kinovea programme and for the risk of fall assessment it was used the TUG.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the MFC and TUG values between the groups with and without history of falls. However, there is a decrease of the MFC value for the group with history of falls, being the ankle the joint that most contributed to the MFC variation in the group without history of falls, and the knee in the group with history of falls. About the relation between MFC and TUG, it was obtained a negative correlation (r=-0,269) but it was not significant (p=0,150).
Conclusion: In our sample no significant differences in the MFC value were obtained between the group with history of falls and the group without history of falls.
Besides the lack of significant differences in the MFC value it was determined the articulation of the lower limb responsible for its variation, and it has been found, although with a p>0,05, that for the group with no history of falls it was the ankle that more contributed to this variation and the knee to the group with history of falls.
Concerning to the TUG and MFC value correlation it wasn’t significant. Thus, it was concluded that the TUG use is more effective and sensitive in predicting the risk of falling when compared with the kinematic analysis to obtain the MFC value and the joints amplitude.
Objectives: To determinate if there were differences in electromyography parameters of rectus anterior, biceps femoris, gluteus medius, soleus, gastrocnemius medialis and tibialis anterior muscles between group with and without history of falls during. Was analized the relationship between the levels of muscle activation and score in POMA (Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment).
Materials and Methods: This is a transversal, not experimental and comparative study. The sample was composed by 30 older adults, 15 with and 15 without history of falls.
To collect the data of electromyography was used BIOPAC systems and followed the SENIAM guidelines. For the collection of kinematic data was used Kinovea program and for assess the risk of falling was applied POMA.
Results: Individuals with history of falls present levels of muscle activity relatively to maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) higher in the dominant lower limb (right) compared to subjects without a history of falls, however these differences aren´t statistically significant (p>0,05). There is enormous variation between the sample in relation to phases of gait in which the muscles are more actives. The group with history of falls shows values lower than group without history of falls in POMA score, the difference is significant (p=0.001). The relationship between percentage of muscle activation and the values obtained in POMA not proved statistically significant (p>0,05).
Conclusion: Although results obtained weren´t statistically significants, we can conclude that individuals with falls have higher levels of muscle activation relative to MVC that individuals without history of falls, it is believed that the changes are related to the development of strategies for increased stability during gait. There is considerable variability in phases in which the subjects engaged higher levels of muscle activation, which might occur due to task compensatory strategies or by the task have been made at speed of comfort for the individual. It follows that POMA is an instrument more sensitive and effective to identify the risk of falling in these individuals that the electromyographic analysis.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the changes that occur in the balance, fear of falling and kinematic parameters such as stride length, velocity and time support in elderly with and without a history of falling. Main objective was also to verify whether a relationship exists between changes in gait parameters evaluated, balance and fear of falling.
Methods: The sample comprised 30 patients (15 with history of falls and 15 without a history of falls), which met the criteria for inclusion and exclusion. The kinematic evaluation was performed in the dominant leg, which was right in this sample. The stride length, speed and duration of support were assessed using the program Kinovea and for assessment of balance and fear of falling were assessed using the Berg Balance Scale and the Falls Efficacy Scale. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 20.
Results: There were no significant differences in the parameters analyzed, except for scores on the Berg Balance Scale (p=0.000) between groups with and without history of falls. However, there is a decrease in the length of the stride and duration of left leg support and the increased length of right leg support, the speed and the fear of falling. The relationship between the parameters obtained, there is only statistically significant result between speed and stride length (r=0.507, p=0.004) and between the score of the Berg Balance Scale and the stride length (r=0.393, p=0,032).
Conclusion: Although not having obtained statistically significant results we can conclude that in elderly with a history of falls have changes in speed and stride length that can be related to balance disorders and the aging process itself. However, it is concluded that the use of the Berg Balance Scale is more responsive and effective in the detection of changes occurring in the individual after a fall, and subsequent evaluation of the risk of falling that performing a kinematic analysis.
Objectives: The objective of this research was to analyse muscle performance criteria of the knee joints and ankle flexor and extensor muscles among elderly with and without history of falls.
Material and methods: The sample was non-probabilistic, of convenience, comprising a total of 30 elderly (15 with history of falls and 15 without history of falls) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected through a characterization questionnaire and through the Biodex System Isokinetic Dynamometer. The isokinetic assessment consisted in collecting the Peak Torque per unit of mass (N.m/BW) and ratio FlexorsCon/ExtensorsCon (%) of the knee joints and ankle flexor and extensor muscles, with 5 repetitions and the 60º/s angular speed. This collection has been made in both lower limbs.
Results: The sample consisted of 30 individuals, 15 from the group without history of falls and 15 from the group with history of falls with average age of (69,17±4,77) years old. The muscle performance parameters were not significantly different between the groups (p>0,05).
Conclusion: The group of elderly with history of falls showed lower Peak Torque numbers per unit of mass (N.m/BW) for the knee and ankle joint comparing with the group without history of falls. In present research also the values of the ratio flexorsCon/ExtensorsCon was analyzed weren't differences found in the knee and ankle joint. Although there are no statistically significant differences between results obtained, approach we believe it will be beneficial to include strengthening exercises for the flexors and extensors muscles of these joints, thereby contributing to the prevention of falls.
Planners require solutions that address routine work needs and seems essential to improving efficiency and
productivity. There are a great number of different factors related to beekeeper activity as well the quality and
productivity of different bee products. The spatial analysis is a powerful tool for overlap and relates various levels
of information on a map, and consequently a very useful for beekeeping activity planning. This work proposes
and applies a methodology to potential beekeeping assessment in Montesinho Natural Park, a region in the
northwest of Portugal. The beekeeping potential maps were developed with the following data sources: legal
standards, vegetation, land use, topography, water resources, roads, electromagnetic fields, and some honey
physico-chemical analysis. The design and implementation of spatial analysis model based on Geographic
Information System (GIS) to beekeeping planning activities has already been described by Anjos et al (2014).
Spatial analysis techniques allows to define the potential beekeeper map supporting the beekeeper management
in this region. Anjos O, Silva G, Roque N, Fernandez P, 2014. GIS based analysis to support the beekeeping
planning. Book of abstracts of the International Symposium on Bee Products 3rd edition – Annual meeting of the
International Honey Commission (IHC), Faculty of medicine, University of Rijeka, p:61
