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Wireless sensor networks can be composed of thousands of smart sensing nodes that capture environment data in a cost-efficient way. Such networks present new challenges when compared to traditional computer networks, namely in terms of smart node processing power and very limited energy resources. Ubiquitous computing can benefit from wireless sensor networks, from the perspective that sensed data can be used on behalf of the user without explicit intervention, turning ubiquitous computing into a reality. For the data to be available everywhere wireless sensor networks must be connected to the Internet. Two main approaches can be considered: proxy-based or sensor node stack based. This second approach turns sensors into data producing hosts, also know as ”The Internet of Things”. For years the TCP/IP protocol suite was considered inappropriate for wireless sensor networks, mainly due to the inherent complexity and protocol overhead for such limited hardware. However, recent studies made connecting wireless sensor to the Internet possible for integration on the future Internet. This paper surveys the current state-of-the-art on the connection of wireless sensor networks to the Internet, presents related achievements, and provides insights on how to develop Internet Protocol-based communication solutions for wireless sensor networks today.
Born on military applications, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) application grew on the promise of environment sensing and data processing capability at low cost. These networks can hold hundreds or even thousands of smart sensing nodes with processing and sensing capabilities and even integrated power through a dedicated battery. This paper surveys on the application of wireless sensor networks to healthcare promotion, namely with the use of biosensor technology applied to body sensor networks. On a wireless body sensor network, a person wears biosensors to gather data, while doing their daily activities. Currently, engineers and medical staff are cooperating on finding new ways to properly gather meaningful data on-site and achieve a convenient way to process these data for research and on-site medical decision. New challenges that such approach brings are also considered. Moreover, it is shown that wireless sensor networks provide the technology to built wireless sensing and create a convenient infrastructure for multiple data gathering in healthcare applications. Together with real successful examples, we demonstrate the great usefulness of wireless sensor networks in healthcare promotion. The paper concludes with some guidelines for future work.
“Copyright © [2010] IEEE. Reprinted from 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications. ISBN:978-1-4244-6402-9. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to pubs-permissions@ieee.org. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.”
The paper presents the real implementation of a system that empowers the traveling professional through the use of current tools and mobile platforms. A book selling system was developed and deployed in a server together with Pocket PC 2003 enabled PDA systems.
The global vision of such systems is given and the current implementation is also presented.
The use of a centralised planning scheduler in fieldbus-based systems requiring real-time operation has proved to be a good compromise between operational ̄exibility and timeliness guarantees. It is particularly well adapted to embedded systems based on low-processing power microcontrollers due to the low overhead it imposes.
In this paper a preliminary implementation of a hardware scheduling coprocessor based on the planning paradigm is presented. The coprocessor is installed in a special node of the fieldbus, the bus arbiter, and generates scheduling tables to be dispatched by the node CPU. With this solution it is possible to decrease the response time to changes in the system con®guration or message parameters of the software- based planning scheduler. This opens the possibility of allowing automatic on-line changes requested by system nodes in addition to the ones requested by human operators, thus improving system reactivity.
The paper includes a short review of the planning technique and a discussion on the motivation to develop the coprocessor as well as on recent similar and related work. The coprocessor architecture and several implementation details such as its interface with the arbiter CPU are presented. The initial calculations showing the feasibility of the unit are also derived, together with the first real implementation of the coprocessor itself.
The use of a centralised planning scheduler in fieldbus- based systems requiring real-time operation has proved to be a good compromise between operational flexibility and timeliness guarantees.
In this paper a preliminary implementation of a hardware scheduling coprocessor based in the planning paradigm is presented. The coprocessor is installed in a special node of the fieldbus, the bus arbiter, and generates scheduling tables to be dispatched by the node CPU. With this solution it is possible to decrease the response time to changes in the system configuration or message parameters of the software-based planning scheduler. This opens the possibility of allowing automatic on-line changes requested by system nodes in addition to the ones requested by human operators, thus improving system reactivity.
In this paper the focus is on the coprocessor’s interface with the node CPU and its overall functionality. Initial calculations showing the feasibility of the unit and its expected performance are also derived.
Internet Protocol (IP) is a standard network layer protocol of the Internet architecture, allowing communication among heterogeneous networks. For a given network to be accessible from the Internet it must have a router that complies with this protocol. Wireless sensor networks have many smart sensing nodes with computational, communication and sensing capabilities. Such smart sensors cooperate to gather relevant data and present it to the user. The connection of sensor networks and the Internet has been realized using gateway or proxy- based approaches. Historically, several routing protocols were specifically created, discarding IP. However, recent research, prototypes and even implementation tools show that it is possible to combine the advantages of IP access with sensor networks challenges, with a major contribution from the 6LoWPAN Working Group. This paper presents the advantages and challenges of IP on sensor networks, surveys the state-of-art with some implementation examples, and points further research topics in this area.
“Copyright © [2008] IEEE. Reprinted from International Conference on Communication Theory, Reliability, and Quality of Service, 2008. CTRQ '08. ISBN:978-0-7695-3190-8. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to pubs-permissions@ieee.org. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.”
Increasing demand of mobile applications for on-site data acquisition pushes the development of flexible and easy to use mobile tools, with great advantages over the traditional computer-based approaches. The Accept System from SINMETRO allows data gathering for quality control, in the form of Inspection sheets. Such tool allows quality assurance by monitoring some samples of a given material, for instance milk, wine, and even maintenance management.
This paper presents a mobile application in the Accept System that allows a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device to perform data gathering based on XML Inspection templates. Using .NET Compact Framework through C#, and database the technologies SQL Server and SQL Server CE, we developed Accept Mobile.
Accept Mobile uses the Remote Data Access (RDA) mechanism to send data over to the server through a synchronization service, while also providing the needed support for disconnected operation. We prove that the mobile application is very convenient and provides enough functionality for the user to dismiss the portable computer, although the main application was never developed with mobility concerns in mind.
One of the possibilities to build robust communication systems with respect to their temporal behaviour is to use autonomous control based on the time-triggered paradigm. The FTT-CAN - flexible time-triggered protocol, relies on centralised scheduling but makes use of the CAN native distributed arbitration to reduce communication overhead. There, a planning scheduler is used within a master node to reduce the scheduling run-time overhead. On-line changes to the communication requirements can then be made under guaranteed timeliness. In addition FTT-CAN also allows an efficient combination of both time-triggered and event- triggered traffic with temporal isolation.
In this paper, recent evolutions of the initial protocol definition concerning transmission of synchronous and asynchronous messages are presented. These consist in a time division of the elementary transmission window which optimises the available bandwidth for asynchronous messages, keeping the timeliness of synchronous messages without jeopardising their transmission jitter. A novel solution for the planning scheduler is also presented. It consists in an FPGA-based coprocessor which implements the planning scheduler technique without imposing overhead to the arbiter CPU. With it, it is possible to reduce strongly the plan duration thus allowing on-line admission demanded by system elements and, also, to extend the protocol application to high-speed networks.
“Copyright © [2001] IEEE. Reprinted from 8th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems. ISBN:0-7803-7057-0. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to pubs-permissions@ieee.org. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.”
The paper presents an application using a purpose-created web service that is consumed in a multi-channel environment. The service clients span over the common web interface, a JAVA-enabled GSM 2.5G mobile phone, and a Microsoft® Windows® application. The web service provides basic message passing functionality.
A Body Sensor Network can sense health parameters directly on the patient’s body, allowing 24/7 monitoring in an unobtrusive way. Several tiny sensors collect and route data to a special sink node. A new intra-vaginal biosensor was developed to study the relation between temperature variations and women health conditions, such as ovulation period, among others. We present a biosensor prototype and some initial results on real scenarios with a woman. One of the main issues in a body sensor network is the transformation of the sensor raw data into meaningful medical data for medical staff. Several approaches exist, from mobile device-based approaches to more powerful hardware such as a personal computer. This paper presents our current work in body sensor networks, namely a prototype for intra-vaginal temperature monitoring with initial results, and a mobile tool for data presentation of a three-tier body sensor network. The gathered results demonstrate the feasibility of the approach, contributing to the widespread application of body sensor networks.
“Copyright © [2008] IEEE. Reprinted from Global Telecommunications Conference. (GLOBECOM 2008).IEEE ISBN:978-1-4244-2324-8.
This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to pubs-permissions@ieee.org. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.”
This paper presents a study on three simulation tools for Wireless Sensor Nertworks (WSNs): Network Simulator 2 (ns-2), Java Simulator (J-Sim) and Sensor Network Emulator and Simulator (SENSE). We present the concept of WSNs, each simulator in terms of its features, a view on current applications of WSNs on medicine and a comparative study on the simulators studied. We conclude that SENSE presents the better approach for WSNs.
“Copyright © [2009] IEEE. Reprinted from 5th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications. WIMOB 2009. ISBN: 978-0-7695-3841-9
. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to pubs-permissions@ieee.org. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.”
“Copyright © [2009] IEEE. Reprinted from First International Conference on Advances in System Simulation.ISBN:978-1-4244-4863-0. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to pubs-permissions@ieee.org. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.”
“Copyright © [2008] IEEE. Reprinted from 12th Annual IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (ISCE 2008). ISBN:978-1-4244-2422-1. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to pubs-permissions@ieee.org. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.”
This paper considers approaches to the design and implementation of embedded systems using XC6200 FPGAs. The methods that are introduced enable the synthesis of circuits that are modifiable and extensible, and that provide a virtual function capability. The accepted behavioral specification supports modularity and hierarchy. The developed design tools allow translating this specification into dynamically modifiable control circuits. A method based on reconfigurable cores for rapid design of reconfigurable virtual datapath was suggested. A stand-alone board using one XC6216 FPGA was designed and two other solutions, currently under development, were discussed. They can be used as virtual embedded controllers. An integrated design environment (IDELS) has been developed to provide specification, synthesis, simulation, testing, debugging, and implementation of the circuits in hardware. The software has been developed using Visual C++ and allows access to both stand-alone and built-in PC boards.
“Copyright © [2010] IEEE. Reprinted from 16th International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks. SoftCOM 2008. ISBN:978-953-6114-97-9. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to pubs-permissions@ieee.org. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.”
“Copyright © [1999] IEEE. Reprinted from 7th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines ISBN:0-7695-0375-6. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to pubs-permissions@ieee.org. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.”
