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The upcrossings index 0≤η≤1, as a measure of the degree of local dependence in the upcrossings of a high level by a stationary process, plays, together with the extremal index θ, an important role in extreme events modelling. For stationary processes, verifying a long range dependence condition, upcrossings of high thresholds in different blocks can be assumed asymptotically independent and therefore blocks estimators for the upcrossings index can be easily constructed using disjoint blocks. In this paper we focus on the estimation of the upcrossings index via the blocks method and properties such as consistency and asymptotic normality are studied. Besides this new estimation approach for this parameter, we also enlarge its family of runs estimators and improve estimation within this class by providing an empirical way of checking local dependence conditions that control the clustering of upcrossings. We compare the performance of a range of different estimators for η and illustrate the methods using simulated data and financial data.

Nonprofit sector integrates an important part of the economy, which serves as a critical factor for social change. Social innovation and social entrepreneurship are of paramount importance for the nonprofit sector aiming to solve social needs. The purpose of this paper is, through bibliometric mapping techniques, based on 2695 documents, to understand thematic evolution of social innovation and social entrepreneurship. The main conclusion is that, from the analysis, we can see that the scientific production in this field of knowledge has intensified in recent years, but the centrality and the search density undergo major changes. New paths for future research are outlined.

Although entrepreneurship plays a critical role in fostering economic development, erasing inequality, and generating more balanced societies, a gap concerning the course, nature, and state-of-the-art of minority entrepreneurship scientific literature need to be fulfilled. A hybrid methodology, combining bibliometric methods and topic models (latent Drichlet allocation) is used to perform a thematic analysis of the minority entrepreneurship research stream. The analysis provides insight into the most relevant research themes as well as further research agenda.

Design/methodology/approach This study uses bibliometric methods and topic models, specifically latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) methods to evaluate the nature and course of the tourism crises and disasters scientific literature. Data from 2810 documents were retrieved from the Web of Science database and were used to perform the analysis. Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented global turmoil and a halt on international tourism. This study aims to evaluate the scientific literature about tourism crisis and disasters and depict how this research stream evolved in the face of economic, security, health, environmental, or trust crises, further providing insights about a research agenda on this stream. Findings Results show an increase of tourism crises and disasters scientific literature departing from 2010, and a surge in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, themes such as tourism competitiveness, tourism demand, crisis management, perceived risk, natural disasters, and destination recovery are among the most relevant themes in the research line, showing that the effect of economic and financial crises on tourism industry, sustainable tourism, and tourism demand are set to be among the most relevant in the upcoming years. Implications This study fills a void in tourism literature by providing a roadmap to understand the past, present, and future of the tourism crises and disasters research line and the avenues for future research in this field, including methods, in the period post COVID-19. Originality/value Previous studies on tourism crises and disasters were focused on literature review and on the relationship between crises and disasters and the tourism industry. This study uses a set of methods unused before in the research stream, namely a combination of bibliometric methods and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) methods, to provide a road map for the present state-of-the-art of tourism crises and disasters research and promising future research lines.

The literature on accounting, business, and finance, as a sub-area of the sciences of administration and management, has been receiving strong attention from researchers since the 1950s. This study ́s main goal is to evaluate the nature and course of development of the literature on these research areas. A bibliometric analysis on the top journals published on the Web of Science and on the Scopus databases is conducted. Results synthesize the conceptual framework related to this area of science, identifying the roots of its intellectual structure, which give life to the respective tree of knowledge. New paths for future research are outlined.

This paper aims to illustrate the entrepreneurial performance of economies taking into account the variables present in the entrepreneurial framework conditions. The methodology used in the research is exploratory, descriptive and quantitative. We used a process that combines Factorial Analysis with Cluster Analysis. Considering the entrepreneurial framework variables conditions, our results indicate that there are four groups in economies: 1) Moderate Entrepreneurial Performance; 2) Emerging Entrepreneurial Performance; 3) High-Income Economies; and 4) Advanced Entrepreneurial Economies. Our research also denotes where economies need to develop new policies to improve their entrepreneurial performance and competitiveness. This research brings new contributions to science and existing literature as it helps to understand and clarify the entrepreneurial performance of economies relative to entrepreneurial framework conditions.

This paper aims to understand how the different stakeholders assess the adequacy of smart specialization policies defined for their regions. Design/methodology/approach This paper has followed a quantitative methodology through the application of questionnaire surveys to stakeholders of the various territorial regions in Portugal. Findings As a result, from the “resource-based view” approach applied to the various regions, the attained results highlight that the suitability of smart specialization policies defined for the Portuguese regions is not unanimous among its stakeholders. Originality/value The research can be used as a tool to assist regional policymakers in strategic reflection when defining and adjusting smart specialization strategies in their territories.

Purpose: This paper aims to understand how the different stakeholders assess the adequacy of smart specialization policies defined for their regions. Design/methodology/approach: This paper has followed a quantitative methodology through the application of questionnaire surveys to stakeholders of the various territorial regions in Portugal. Findings: As a result, from the “resource-based view” approach applied to the various regions, the attained results highlight that the suitability of smart specialization policies defined for the Portuguese regions is not unanimous among its stakeholders. Originality/value: The research can be used as a tool to assist regional policymakers in strategic reflection when defining and adjusting smart specialization strategies in their territories.