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Documentação e informação
Dissertação de Mestrado em Gerontologia Social
Trabalho de Projeto apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Castelo Branco do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Gerontologia Social.
Trabalho Projeto apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Gerontologia Social.
Documentação e informação
Dispneia (enfermagem)
Disponível na Biblioteca da ESACB na cota C30-28820TFCEBA.
Controlo da infecção
Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares, tal como a aterosclerose carotídea estão entre as principais causas de mortalidade e morbilidade em todo o mundo.
Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de aterosclerose carotídea, a prevalência dos diferentes tipos de placa aterosclerótica na população da cidade de Castelo Branco e correlacioná-los com os principais fatores de risco cardiovasculares.
Métodos: É um estudo transversal, descritivo correlacional, realizado a 796 indivíduos da cidade de Castelo Branco, com uma faixa etária igual ou superior a 30 anos, aos quais foi aplicado um questionário, no qual se obtiveram dados antropométricos, história clínica e fatores de risco cardiovasculares. Foi também realizado Triplex Cervical, de acordo com o descrito em Extracranial Cerebrovascular Ultrasound – Practice Guideline.
Resultados: Dos 796 inquiridos, 66,3% eram do género feminino e 33,7% eram do género masculino, com uma média de idades de 68.63 ± 17,752 anos. A hipertensão arterial e a dislipidémia foram os fatores de risco mais prevalentes na população estudada, apresentando uma prevalência de 56,5% e 42,4%, respetivamente.
A prevalência de espessamento Íntima-Média foi de 57,5%. Os resultados obtidos mostram que 55,4% da população apresenta placas ateroscleróticas carotídeas, sendo que 37,9% apresenta placas fibrosadas, 18,7% placas calcificadas e 16% placas nodulares, relativamente às placas lipídicas não foi documentado nenhum caso.
Conclusão: Os fatores de risco que mais influenciam o espessamento Íntima-Média neste estudo são o género (p˂0,001), a idade (p˂0,001), a dislipidémia (p=0,007), a hipertensão arterial (p=0,011) e os antecedentes familiares de acidente vascular cerebral (p˂0,001). Relativamente a formação de placas ateroscleróticas carotídeas, os fatores de risco com maior efeito preditivo são a idade (p˂0,001), a hipertensão arterial (p=0,009), a diabetes mellitus (p=0,019), os antecedentes familiares de acidente vascular cerebral (p=0,028), a dislipidémia (p=0,032) e o índice de massa corporal (p=0,046).
Introduction: During childhood and adolescence, obesity is an important predictor of adulthood obesity. Therefore, there should be given an important care to young population to improve the future of our society. To compare the effects of ten-week multicomponent exercise training with different exercise frequencies on body composition (BC) and physical fitness (PF) in overweight and obese young children. Material and Methods: 40 children, aged 12-15 (14.77 ± 1.49), were randomly selected and assigned to two experimental groups to train 3 times per week (EG1) or twice a week (EG2) for 10 weeks: EG1 (n=10), EG2 (n= 10) groups and a CG group (n= 20; no training program). Results: It was shown that experimental groups (EG1 and EG2) increased aerobic capacity, muscular strength and flexibility from pre- to post-training. The highest gains on muscular strength were observed in experimental group that performed twice a week; but better improvements on flexibility, body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BFP) were observed in experimental group that performed 3 times per week. Conclusions: This type of exercise suggests that performing physical activities 2 or 3 times per week appears to be effective for physical fitness improvement, independently of the exercise frequency. However, to improve BMI and decrease BFP (body fat percentage) exercise frequency will be important in overweight and obese children. This could be a reliable choice to optimize physical fitness and improve well-being in overweight and obese children.
BACKGROUND: Warm-up is considered essential to optimize running performance, but little is known about the effect of specific warm-up tasks, specifically in the real competitive context. The current study aimed to verify the acute effects of a warm-up including ballistic exercises in 30m running performance. In addition, a second 30m trial was assessed to better understand the warm-up effects in training/competition.
METHODS: Twenty-two men (19.32±1.43 years-old) randomly completed the time- trials on separate days and after a typical warm-up (WU), a WU complemented with ballistic exercises (post-activation potentiation - PAP) or no warm-up (NWU). Biomechanical, physiological and psychophysiological variables were assessed.
RESULTS: The participants were 1.9% faster in the first 30m sprint after WU compared with NWU, mainly increased performance in the first 15m (p=0.03, ES=0.48). WU resulted in greater stride length in the last 15m of the first sprint. PAP did not differ from NWU and WU, despite eight participants performed better after this warm-up.
CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the positive effects of warm- up for sprinting, despite failed to evidence positive effects when ballistic exercises are included. In addition, the influence of warm-up in the running technique was highlighted by the changes in the running kinematics and a need for individualization of warm-up procedures.
Sports performance is influenced by the interaction of several physical variables. For this reason, most sports need both strength and endurance capacities to maximize overall performance. Therefore, a combination of resistance and aerobic training, usually called concurrent training (CT), has been used recently as a way of simultaneously improving strength and aerobic performances according to the needs of a specific sport. This combination can be challenging and can influence training adaptations, being a problematic issue for coaches. The main objective is to provide coaches with a practical proposal for CT to improve athletes' performance in different sports.
