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The Genetics and Biotechnology Conference (JGB) of the University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD) is an annual scientific event organized jointly by the Nucleus of Students of Genetics and Biotechnology (ADNGB) of UTAD and the Direction of the Course of Genetics and Biotechnology in collaboration with the teaching staff of the Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB). As a result of the scientificpedagogical partnership established between professors of DGB (UTAD) and of Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences of the University of León (UL), Spain, it was considered important to repeat the shared organization of this event between professors and students of the UTAD and UL designating it as XII Genetics and Biotechnology Conference / II Genetics and Biotechnology Iberian Conference (XII JGB / II JIGB). The main objective of the XII JGB /II JIGB is to update knowledge in the area of Genetics and Biotechnology. To this end, the focus of this event is the conferences given by renowned national and international scientists and the thematic workshops that will constitute more practical sessions. The XII JGB /II JIGB will also focus on interaction, exchange of experiences and scientific debates between Portuguese and Spanish students and professors. The best oral and posters presentations will be awarded. The target audience is Portuguese and Spanish students, researchers and university professors from the scientific areas of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology as well as High School teachers from the Biology area. A wide variety of topics will be discussed, in the different areas of Genetics and Biotechnology, such as Plant, Animal, Human, Microbial, Evolutionary, Cancer, Forensic, Ethics, Entrepreneurship, among others.
Mediterranean evergreen oak woodlands of southern Portugal (montados) are savannah-type ecosystems with a widely sparse tree cover, over extensive grassland. Therefore, ecosystem water fluxes derive from two quite differentiated sources: the trees and the pasture. Partitioning of fluxes according to these dif- ferent sources is necessary to quantify overall ecosystem water losses as well as to improve knowledge on its functional behaviour. In southern Iberia, these woodlands are subjected to recurrent droughts. Therefore, reaction/resilience to water stress becomes an essential feature of vegetation on these ecosys- tems. Long-term tree transpiration was recorded for 6 years from a sample of holm oak (Quercus ilex ssp. rotundifolia) trees, using the Granier sap flow method. Ecosystem transpiration was measured by the eddy covariance technique for an 11-month period (February to December 2005), partly coincident with a drought year. Pasture transpiration was estimated as the difference between ecosystem (eddy covari- ance) and tree (sap flow) transpiration. Pasture transpiration stopped during the summer, when the sur- face soil dried up. In the other seasons, pasture transpiration showed a strong dependence on rainfall occurrence and on top soil water. Conversely, trees were able to maintain transpiration throughout the summer due to the deep root access to groundwater. Q. ilex trees showed a high resilience to both sea- sonal and annual drought. Tree transpiration represented more than half of ecosystem transpiration, in spite of the low tree density (30 trees ha􏰀1) and crown cover fraction (21%). Tree evapotranspiration was dominated by transpiration (76%), and interception loss represented only 24% of overall tree evaporation.