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The main goal of this paper was to assess the greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity of olive oil production in Portugal. A life-cycle model and inventory were implemented for the entire production process, including a comprehensive analysis of olive cultivation, olive oil extraction, packaging, and distribution. Data originates from five differently-sized Portuguese olive growers and from a total of six olive oil mills, representing the three extraction processes in use: three-phase extraction, two-phase extraction, and traditional pressing. The results show that the GHG intensity lies in the range 1.8-8.2 kg CO2eq/liter and that the main contributors were fertilizers (production and field emissions). Efficient use of fertilizers thus seems to be a key factor for mitigating the GHG intensity of olive oil production.
A cultivar de arroz Ariete apresentou uma eficiência máxima de
uso do N de 64% e uma produção de 8,5 t ha-1, após aplicação
de 120 kg N ha-1, metade em fundo e metade ao afilhamento.
Os fatores de emissão de GEEs medidos no campo foram de
136 kg CH4 ha-1 e 1,5% para o N2O. As emissões de COVs (especialmente
na forma de terpenos) e NH3 foram reduzidas, mas
atingiram 8 kg N-NH3 ha-1 dia-1 após a adubação de cobertura.
