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Perturbações obsessivo-compulsivo
Dissertaçäo de Mestrado em Ensino da Física e da Química apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra
Dissertaçäo de Doutoramento em Filosofia Românica, apresentada à Faculdade de Letras de Coimbra
Desenvolvimento dos currículos
Genética e melhoramento vegetal
Genética e melhoramento vegetal
Genética e melhoramento vegetal
Contém referências bibliográficas
Contém referências bibliográficas
Neste trabalho pretendeu-se fazer a caracterização isoenzimática de algumas populações de Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Estudaram-se amostras de 24 populações distribuídas por três subespécies (subspp): unguiculata, cylindrica e sesquipedalis. As amostras da subespécie (subsp.) unguiculata pertenciam às cultivares: "Amarelo", "Arroz", "Comum", "Gigante de Marialva" e "Cream".
A obtenção dos padrões isoenzimáticos foi realizada por focagem isoeléctrica, tendo-se utilizado extractos de cotilédones e de tecidos vegetativos de plântulas com cerca de 15 dias. As análises comparativas foram conduzidas para os sistemas enzimáticos fosfatase ácida (ACP) e peroxidase (PRX).
Em cotilédones foram detectadas apenas bandas de ACP. Em plântulas foram reveladas bandas de ACP para as orgãos raíz, caule e folha, mas no caso do sistema PRX detectámos actividade isoenzimática apenas em raízes.
Os zimogramas de ACP de cotilédones não apresentaram bandas polimórficas; no caso da folha detectaram-se 10 bandas polimórficas correspondendo-lhes três diferentes padrões isoenzimáticos. Os zimogramas de PRX da raíz apresentavam 6 bandas polimórficas, mas dada a baixa frequência da maioria, apenas uma delas se apresenta com interesse nos estudos comparativos. Com base nos resultados obtidos, é possível fazer a distinção da subsp. sesquipedalis e da cultivar "arroz" da subsp. unguiculata relativamente às restantes populações estudadas. Verificou-se a existência de uma maior proximidade genética entre as subspp. unguiculata e cylindrica, relativamente à subsp. sesquipedalis.
The main objectives of this thesis were to characterize and evaluate Portuguese Opuntia spp. ecotypes for biomass production and the cladodes nutritional quality for fodder, and for fruit yield and quality. In addition, the genetic diversity was assessed with nuclear microsatellite (nuSSR) markers. The plant vigour and biomass production were evaluated in germplasm of O. ficus-indica by non-destructive methods, 3 years following planting. Among ecotypes, significant differences were found in the studied biomass-related parameters and several homogeneous groups were established. In the case of the cladodes nutritional profile significant, differences were found in the crude protein and the ash content, and different groups were unfolded. In general, O. ficus-indica has a low dry matter content, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber, and high content in non-fiber carbohydrates and metabolizable energy. Fruit production was evaluated in the second and third years after plantation. Significant differences were found among O. ficus-indica ecotypes, and different groups were established. The Italian cultivars “Gialla” and “Bianca” had highest fruit yield than Portuguese ecotypes. Besides, the morphology, bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of fruits were studied in twenty ecotypes belonging to the species O. ficus-indica, O. robusta, O. dillenii and O. elata. The fruits displayed variability in morphological and bioactive characteristics. The analysis of genetic diversity using nuSSR markers within a set of 19 ecotypes, belonging to the four previously-mentioned species, was undertaken. The hierarchical clustering analysis revealed four major groups that clearly disentangled the Opuntia spp. species. Two subclusters were found considering the O. ficus-indica ecotypes. The results revealed a low level of genetic diversity among the ecotypes of O. ficus-indica.
Neste trabalho apresentam-se alguns resultados com a caracterização nutricional de 5 ecótipos e 2 variedades de figueira-da-índia e formula-se um regime alimentar para ovelhas em lactação otimizando a figueira-da-índia como alimento forrageiro.
The Opuntia spp. has minimal soil and water requirements, and the O. ficus-indica, in particular is sought to be an alternative for the Mediterranean region agricultural economy. The morphology, bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of fruits were studied in twenty Portuguese ecotypes belonging to four Opuntia species (O. ficus-indica, O. robusta, O. dillenii and O. elata). The ecotypes were compared with the O. ficus-indica cultivars ‘Bianca’, ‘Gialla’ and ‘Rossa’. The fruits from Opuntia spp. ecotypes displayed variability in morphological and bioactive characteristics. Among O. ficus-indica ecotypes, the orange pulp fruits were larger, heavier and had a higher percentage of pulp as well as a lower percentage of seeds compared to the white pulp fruits. However, the weight of 100 seeds was lower in the white pulp ecotypes. The OFI-04 ecotype contrasted the other OFI ecotypes due to its pale yellow pulp, ovoid shape, and low seed weight per fruit as well as the amount of seeds as a percentage of pulp weight. The O. dillenii ecotypes had the highest betalain content, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity, while O. elata had the highest ascorbic acid content. Both O. dillenii and O. elata had the highest acidity values. The red pulp cv. Rossa had the highest betalain content among the O. ficus-indica populations, followed by the orange and white pulp ecotypes. The highest amount of total phenolic compounds was found in the white pulp O. ficus-indica ecotypes. The hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that the ecotypes could be grouped into four major groups, and geographical origin was unrelated to the clustering pattern. This study provides original data on the morphology and bioactive compounds of Opuntia spp. fruits from Portuguese ecotypes.
