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The article contextualizes the training of teachers in Portugal, taking as references, first to change social policy in Portugal before the fall of the dictatorship and, at this juncture, the trend between the Reform Veiga Simão (1973) and Law on the Education System (1986). Attempts to show that the creation of Higher Education and the Polytechnic School of Education (ESEs), on the eve of the 80, in conjunction with the movement of some innovative universities, broke with the traditional models of organization of teacher training in Portugal. Considers that the establishment of the Polytechnic Higher Education has a break from the monolithic model of teacher training through, inter alia, of their curriculum, trained the staff of ESEs teachers and young people themselves, approached them in schools which, in fact, working teachers; boosted educational research, made available to the school community human and material resources essential to the development of the educational process and implemented a broad framework for provision of training and expertise and then if desired, but had not been reached. Finally, describes the current framework for initial training of teachers, driven by recent amendments to the Law on the Education System and as governed by the instruments) - the degree to be awarded degrees by the Universities and Polytechnics and b) - the legal regime of professional qualification for teaching in pre-school education and school education.