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The spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae in the nosocomial setting represents a big challenge to infection control teams. We have recently developed a simple spectroscopic-based method with excellent accuracy, turnaround time and cost-effectiveness (Rodrigues et al. mSystems 2020) for bacterial typing. Here, we applied our method in a real clinical context to support early identification of an outbreak involving KPC-3-producing K. pneumoniae ST147 isolates. Our results further support that attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy can provide enough information to support early and adequate infection control measures and therapeutic choices in the context of nosocomial outbreaks and hospital surveillance.

Nowadays, groundwater vulnerability assessment has become a useful tool for groundwater contamination prevention. Groundwater vul-nerability maps provide useful data to protect groundwater resources and work as a tool for the improvement of changes in agricultural patterns and land use applications. The study area of this research survey is the Naturtejo UNESCO Global Geopark, located in central inland Portugal and corresponding to a mainly rural territory where intensive agricultural practices showed a rising tendency in the last decades. The most used method of vulnerability evaluation is the DRASTIC index. In this survey, a modified DRASTIC method, DRASTICAI, is introduced. A new attrib-ute designated as Anthropogenic Influence is introduced. Map algebra in a GIS environment allowed the computation of the two maps by overlaying the needed attributes. The Vila-Velha-de Rodão and Idanha-a-Nova mu-nicipalities show moderate to high vulnerability and, therefore, in need of monitoring, since intensive agricultural practices are the main economic activity. The algebraic subtraction of DRASTIC and DRASTICAI maps revealed a considerable increase in the risk of contamination, over the sur-veyed area, namely in Idanha-a-Nova where it is observed risk increase up to 45 points, changing from moderately vulnerable to highly vulnerable and, therefore, stressing the importance of anthropogenic activities.

Countries are experiencing a global population ageing. It is estimated that the percentage of third age people will notably increase in next decades, implying a difficult challenge to society. Rural areas are the most affected locations by these conditions. Currently, small vil- lages are facing an increasing ageing of population where almost 40% of inhabitants are over 65. Medical needs are one of the most relevant aspects in this context. This factor, in conjunction with other reasons such as loneliness, motivates technological solutions. Despite this, Inter- net is not accessible from rural and low income areas, due to the lack of interest from the operator side to invest in these locations. In this paper, an opportunistic routing solution based on BLE is proposed, with the aim of monitoring loneliness population in order to detect potential emergencies.

This proceedings book is the fourth edition of a series of works which features emergent research trends and recent innovations related to smart city presented at the 5th International Conference on Smart City Applications SCA20 held in Safranbolu, Turkey. This book is composed of peer-reviewed chapters written by leading international scholars in the field of smart cities from around the world. This book covers all the smart city topics including Smart Citizenship, Smart Education, Smart Mobility, Smart Healthcare, Smart Mobility, Smart Security, Smart Earth Environment & Agriculture, Smart Economy, Smart Factory and Smart Recognition Systems.