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Comunicação oral apresentada no 6.º Encontro Nacional de Protecção Integrada que decorreu em Castelo Branco, na Escola Superior Agrária do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, no âmbito do painel sobre o Olival
IOBC / WPRS Working group “Integrated Protection of Olive Crops” OILB / SROP Groupe de travail “Protection Intégrée des Olivaies ” Proceedings of the meeting Comptes rendus de la réunion at / à Bragança (Portugal) 10-12 October 2007
O artigo foi apresentado como comunicação no IV Simpósio Nacional de Olivicultura que decorreu em Elvas de 22 a 24 de Setembro de 2006.
Peach production is an important agricultural activity in the center of Portugal, which is the main region of stone fruit production. This region is characterized by hot and dry summers, that can actively accelerate the organic matter degradation and, thus, increase the susceptibility to erosion and decrease the soil capacity to retain nutrients. To evaluate the relationship of peach production activity and soil characteristics, a long-term project was installed based on 31 peach orchards covering the main peach production area. The main objective was to find out the influence of peach production activity on soil characteristics with special reference on organic matter content. Orchards were monitored since establishment, collecting soil samples at establishment time and after 4 years. Plant development was monitored annually by the evaluation of trunk cross-sectional area and nutrition status by foliar analysis at 100 to 120 days after blooming. Simultaneously, weed development in the row and inter-row was evaluated. Results indicated that peach orchards are very heterogeneous over the first years after planting. After 4 years from the initial 31 orchards, only 23 remained, corresponding to 26% of uprooting orchards, mainly related with Pseudomonas syringae complex incidence. In90% of the orchards the soil content in potassium was classified as high (100-200 mg kg-1; LQARS, 2006) and very high (>200mgkg1; LQARS, 2006). Nevertheless, according to nutritional analysis, the leaf potassium content was classified as low in 35% of the orchards, considering the reference interval of 2to 3% for this nutrient. Nitrogen leaf content was below reference interval in17% of the orchards, and in 22% was above this interval. All orchards use weed cover at inter-rows, mowed regularly. Weeds were controlled in rows using herbicides. Considering the 23 orchards, Organic Matter content increased 0.68% in the row and 0.18% in the interrow, after 4 years.
A study has been carried out to evaluate the influence of integrated olive production on the quality of Galega virgin olive oil. On three consecutive years, olive samples from two different groves in integrated production were taken, and submitted to extraction in industrial mills. The analytical determinations in olive oil were acidity, peroxide index, K232 and K270, sensory analysis, fatty acid composition, total phenol compounds, tocopherols, oxidation stability and organophosphate pesticides. Quality criteria were within the European Union limits for extra virgin olive oil, and the organophosphate pesticides residues were always undetectable.