NP EN 196-1:2006
2006
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88 records were found.
A investigação realizada no âmbito do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico teve como intuito verificar os efeitos da utilização da Nintendo Wii®
no desenvolvimento de crianças da Educação Pré-Escolar.
Optámos por combinar dois grandes paradigmas de investigação: qualitativo e quantitativo. A metodologia mista combinou investigação-ação e estudo de caso de carácter exploratório. Na recolha de dados foram utilizadas diversas técnicas e instrumentos: observação participante; notas de campo; meios audiovisuais; Bateria Psicomotora (BPM); entrevista
semiestruturada a três Educadoras de Infância e inquéritos por questionário aos Encarregados de Educação. A amostra foi composta por 11 crianças (6 do grupo experimental e 5 do grupo de controlo) de um grupo de cinco anos. A implementação decorreu em sete sessões, utilizando-se a Nintendo Wii® e respetivos acessórios (2 Wii Remote e 1 Balance Board). Os resultados desta investigação apontam para um contributo da Nintendo Wii® no âmbito da Educação Física em crianças do Pré-Escolar, contribuindo para o aperfeiçoamento de habilidades motoras
The expression of "lifestyles" describes a frame of expressed behaviours, usually in the form of patterns of consumption, that defines how an individual or social group fits into society. It presents as a focus of interest by researchers in this field, who classically favour the study of alcohol consumption, tobacco, eating habits and physical activity. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between physical activity and healthy lifestyles, especially in terms of eating habits, tobacco, alcohol consumption, resting habits and resting heart rate in Health Sciences first-year students. A total of 177 students of both genders participated, of which 31 (17.5%) were male and 146 (82.5%) were female, with a mean age of 20.20 years, from 18 to 30 years. The data collection instrument used was the Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire (EVS), using S.P.S.S. 21.0 for descriptive statistics and the Cronbach's alpha to evaluate the internal consistency of the questionnaires. A level of significance was adopted with a margin of error of 5% for a probability of at least 95% using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov technique and Mann-Whitney test for comparisons between practitioners’ students and genders. The results obtained demonstrate more favourable results in all variables in students practicing physical activity with significant differences in eating habits and Resting Heart Rate. In terms of gender there were significant differences in all variables except for eating habits. We conclude that physical activity students present more favourable results in terms of lifestyles combined with lower Resting Heart Rate values considered as positive factors in terms of quality of life.
A investigação foi concretizada no âmbito do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1º CEB, na Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, pretendendo-se investigar qual o contributo da Nintendo Wii no desenvolvimento motor das crianças da Educação Pré-Escolar. A pesquisa foi mista (qualitativa e quantitativa) tendo-se realizado uma descrição detalhada dos fenómenos no contexto e uma análise de dados estatísticos (Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney). A metodologia mista combinou investigação-ação, dado que se concretizou na Prática de Ensino Supervisionado, na medida que contou com a observação e envolvimento da investigadora, tendo um papel ativo na interação com os sujeitos; e estudo de caso, de carácter exploratório, porque não foram encontradas investigações que envolvessem a Nintendo Wii® no âmbito da Educação Pré-Escolar. A investigação decorreu na Associação Jardim de Infância Dr. Alfredo Mota, num grupo de 22 crianças de 5 anos. Contudo, devido às limitações de tempo e espaço e à particularidade do estudo, optámos por realizar o estudo com 11 crianças: 6 pertencentes ao grupo experimental (utilizaram a Nintendo Wii®) e 5 do grupo de controlo (não utilizaram a Nintendo Wii®). Estas crianças realizaram avaliações, no início e no final da investigação, de alguns fatores psicomotores (equilíbrio, praxia global, noção do corpo e lateralidade), presentes na Bateria Psicomotora (BPM) de Vítor da Fonseca. As técnicas e instrumentos de recolha de dados adotados foram: observação participante; notas de campo; meios audiovisuais; BPM; entrevista semiestruturada a três educadoras e inquéritos por questionários aos encarregados de educação que foram aplicados no final da intervenção. A implementação deste estudo realizou-se em sete sessões. Nestas sessões utilizou-se a Nintendo Wii® e respetivos acessórios (2 Wii Remote e 1 Balance Board). Após a análise dos dados estatísticos verificou-se melhorias no desenvolvimento motor das crianças. Verificou-se também espírito colaborativo entre as crianças, competição saudável, a pontuação era catalisadora e motivadora para que as crianças se pudessem ir superando e os sucessos geraram maiores sentimentos de autoestima. Contudo, é importante referir que da triangulação dos dados se pode afirmar que este recurso deve ser usado de forma complementar apesar dos resultados positivos alcançados.
The increasingly visible sedentarism in the children of our current society is a problem that has been worrying the Childhood Educators. Taking into account the advancement of technology and the fact that children in today's activity rooms are considered as Digital Natives, we intend to introduce the Nintendo Wii® into the motor activities developed by children in order to verify their contribution to children's motor skills. To this end, the objectives of this study focused on the promotion of digital resources in activities related to motor expression; the analysis of the effect of the practice of motor activities performed with Nintendo Wii® and the identification of changes in children's motor development, namely in the analyzed variables, balance, laterality, body notion and global praxia, resulting from practice in the environment virtual. The present investigation was developed in the Supervised Practice in Pre-School Education, in a group of children between the ages of 4 and 5 years. In this investigation the qualitative and quantitative paradigm was combined. A mixed qualitative approach was also developed, combining action research and exploratory case study, due to the uniqueness of the study. For the collection of data, several instruments and techniques were used: participant observation, field notes, audiovisual media, BPM, semistructured interview and questionnaire surveys. The
implementation was developed in seven sessions, in which the children of the experimental group used the Nintendo Wii® and its accessories (Wii Remote and Balance Board). After the due analysis of all the collected data, we can conclude that the Nintendo Wii® contributes significantly in the children's motricity, that is, in the improvement of motor skills. It is noteworthy that the accomplishment of motor activities with the Nintendo Wii® generated in the children spontaneous collaborative spirit; healthy competition, because what mattered
was the accomplishment of motor activities and not exactly the gain of points, and the punctuation emerged as a motivating element in terms of people, giving rise to greater feelings of selfesteem.
— O crescente sedentarismo nas crianças de nossa sociedade atual é um problema que vem preocupando os Educadores da Infância. Levando em conta o avanço da tecnologia e o fato de que as crianças nas salas de atividades atuais são consideradas Nativos Digitais, pretendemos introduzir o Nintendo Wii® nas atividades motoras desenvolvidas pelas crianças, a fim de verificar sua contribuição para as habilidades motoras das crianças. Para tanto, os objetivos deste estudo foram focados na promoção de recursos digitais em atividades relacionadas à expressão motora; a análise do efeito da prática de atividades motoras realizadas com o Nintendo Wii® e a identificação de mudanças no desenvolvimento motor de crianças, nomeadamente nas variáveis analisadas, equilíbrio, lateralidade, noção de corpo e praxia global, resultantes da prática no ambiente virtual. A presente investigação foi desenvolvida na Prática Supervisionada em Educação Pré-Escolar, em um grupo de crianças entre 4 e 5 anos de idade. Nesta investigação, o paradigma qualitativo e quantitativo foi combinado. Uma abordagem qualitativa mista também foi desenvolvida, combinando pesquisa de ação e estudo de caso exploratório, devido à singularidade do estudo. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados diversos instrumentos e técnicas: observação participante, notas de campo, mídia audiovisual, BPM, entrevista semiestruturada e questionários. A implementação foi desenvolvida em sete sessões, nas quais as crianças do grupo experimental usaram o Nintendo Wii® e seus acessórios (Wii Remote e Balance Board). Após a devida análise de todos os dados coletados, podemos concluir que o Nintendo Wii® contribui significativamente na motricidade das crianças, ou seja, na melhoria das habilidades motoras. Vale ressaltar que a realização de atividades motoras com o Nintendo Wii® gerou no espírito colaborativo espontâneo das crianças; competição saudável, porque o que importava era a realização de atividades motoras e não exatamente o ganho de pontos, e a pontuação emergia como um elemento motivador em termos de pessoas, dando origem a maiores sentimentos de autoestima
As salas de atividades, com que atualmente os Educadores de Infância se deparam, são ocupadas por «Nativos Digitais». Ou seja, aqueles que nasceram numa época totalmente rodeada de novas tecnologias. Cabe ao educador tirar partido das potencialidades das tecnologias e usá-las nas atividades que desenvolvem com as crianças. Assim, com este estudo pretendemos introduzir a Nintendo Wii® em atividades de Educação Física com crianças da Educação Pré-Escolar.
O presente estudo foi concretizado no âmbito da Prática Supervisionada em Educação Pré-Escolar, com 11 crianças de idades compreendidas entre os 4 e os 5 anos. A investigação foi mista (qualitativa e quantitativa), tendo-se efetuado uma descrição detalhada dos fenómenos no contexto e uma análise de dados estatísticos (Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon). A metodologia mista combinou investigação-ação e estudo de caso, de carácter exploratório, na medida em que não foram encontrados estudos que envolvessem a Nintendo Wii® no âmbito da Educação Pré-Escolar.
A recolha de dados foi realizada através de diversos instrumentos e técnicas: observação participante; notas de campo; meios audiovisuais; Bateria Psicomotora; entrevista semiestruturada às educadoras de infância e inquéritos por questionários aos encarregados de educação, aplicados no término da intervenção.
A intervenção decorreu em sete sessões. Nestas, 6 das crianças, pertencentes ao grupo experimental, utilizaram a Nintendo Wii® e respetivos acessórios (Wii Remote e Balance Board). Com a análise pormenorizada dos dados recolhidos, apurámos que a realizaçãode atividades de Educação Física com a Nintendo Wii® geraram nas crianças sentimentos espontâneos de entreajuda entre elas; competição saudável, pois a pontuação surgiu como motivação em termos pessoais, originando sentimentos de maior autoestima. É importante mencionar que este recurso deve ser utilizado como complemento da Educação Física e não como substituto
The practice of physical activity in all age groups is fundamental. The risk of many diseases and usual health problems decrease with regular physical activity. This study has as main objective to identify the motivations and satisfaction with the life of first-year students of health sciences bachelor’s degrees and compare them between gender and different geographic regions that students came from. A total of 177 students of both genders from 3 different country regions (North, Centre and Interior of Portugal), namely 31 (17.5%) were male and 146 (82.5%) were female, with a mean age of 20.20±3.04 years from 18 to 30 years. Data collection instrument used was a questionnaire of six scales that evaluate each of the variables: Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire, Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale and Life Satisfaction Scale. Descriptive statistics were presented and the Cronbach's alpha was calculated to evaluate the internal consistency of the questionnaires. A level of significance was adopted with a margin of error of 5% for a probability of at least 95% using the Levene and Mann-Whitney techniques for comparisons between genders and regions using SPSS version 20. The results show that the motivation for who maintains a constant practice of PA focuses on intrinsic motivation in both genders with significant differences. In Amotivation, external and introjected regulation women present higher levels for the practice of PA related to men. In the basic psychological needs the male gender presents higher values in all the variables with significant differences in relation and competence. In the satisfaction with life between genders, men present higher means and students who practice PA are the most satisfied with their life’s. According to the country region, this variable is more favourable to students from the north. We can conclude that the intrinsic motivation and the satisfaction with life appear as an extremely positive factor in these students that must be kept active for maintaining this satisfaction with life.
It is evident that physical activity implies several health benefits and is considered a fundamental component for improving quality of life and well-being. The main objective of the study was to identify the relationship between students who maintain a regular physical activity practice and how this aspect contributes to their well-being, namely life satisfaction and affections. A total of 177 students of both genders, aged between 18 and 30 years, enrolled in the first year of Health Sciences College degrees participated in this research. The data collection instrument used was a questionnaire, with the Positive and Negative Affective Scale (PANAS) and the Satisfaction with Life (SWLS). In addition to descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare groups (83 practitioners and 94 non-practitioners). Results showed that students, who maintain practicing PA with the entrance in College had more favourable values in well-being with significant differences in terms of their satisfaction with life (p=0.04) and positive affections (p=0.01). We conclude that students from Health Sciences College degrees who maintain a constant physical activity practice present better results in the analysed variables in relation to those who stopped practicing after they start attending the first year of College.
Introduction: The practice of Physical Activities is a cultural habit and as such it must be acquired in childhood so that there is a greater probability of being continued throughout life. Physical Activities on a regular and duly regulated basis, even if they are at ages where this component is absolutely fundamental, not only for their motor development but for their socialization and creation of healthy lifestyles. Objective: The study aims to evaluate the levels of Physical Fitness of middle-school students, between students who practice Physical Education and those who, in addition to this, performed a training programme. Methods: Participated 32 students of both genders aged between 10 and 11 years old divided into two groups with the same number of students (16): the Training Group which, in addition to attending Physical Education classes, benefited from a training programme and the other group that only attended the physical education classes. The Fitnessgram battery tests was applied for flexibility, strength and aerobic capacity. Results: Through this study, it was presented that the use of a physical training programme, eight weeks before the final moment, allowed the training group to obtain significant differences, in the tests results, from the initial moment to the final moment in terms of physical fitness when compared with the group that only attended physical education classes. Conclusions: This study allows us to understand that the fact that the Training Group benefited from a Physical Skills Training, improved the performance levels of the students in this group at the final moment.
As crianças com Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo (PEA) podem aprender a utilizar o seu corpo do mesmo modo que uma criança sem qualquer problema, apenas têm mais dificuldades em processar a informação e necessitam que os professores repitam comportamentos e estruturas. A dificuldade de socialização pode provocar um atraso no desenvolvimento psicomotor. Por sua vez, as atividades físicas são promotoras de uma boa saúde e bem-estar da criança com PEA e a sua motricidade pode vir a desenvolver-se de modo a conseguir uma envolvência com o corpo (consigo próprio) e com o espaço (meio envolvente).
Objetivo: o presente trabalho centra-se na observação dos efeitos da atividade física adaptada nos fatores psicomotores Práxia Global e Práxia Fina de uma criança com espectro do autismo, a frequentar o jardim de Infância.
Métodos: aplicou-se a bateria psicomotora (BPM) de Vítor da Fonseca, traçou-se o perfil psicomotor da criança e seguidamente extraíram-se os resultados relativos a estes dois fatores, por serem os mais fracos, e, concebeu-se e aplicou-se um plano de atividades físicas adaptadas. No final do programa voltou-se a aplicar a bateria psicomotora.
Resultados: da análise á primeira aplicação da BPM os fatores com pior perfil foram os das Práxias, tanto Global (1,3 - Fraco) como Fina (1 - Fraco), em que os resultados revelam uma realização imperfeita, incompleta e descoordenada em quase todos os subfactores.
O plano de atividades físicas adaptadas foi elaborado tendo em vista sobretudo estes fatores (não descurando os outros) com vista a melhorar o desempenho da criança fazendo-a evoluir nas suas competências psicomotoras ao nível das Práxias. O plano foi aplicado durante 7 meses, com 3 sessões por semana de 40 minutos.
Por fim, voltou-se a aplicar a BPM, cujos resultados apresentam melhorias evidentes nos diferentes subfactores da Práxia Global obtendo assim um valor considerado bom, com realização controlada e adequada (3,2 - bom). Apesar da Práxia Fina continuar a apresentar melhorias pouco evidentes (1,4 - Fraco), um dos subfactores –Tamborilar – evoluiu bastante, mas mesmo assim é o fator psicomotor com mais dificuldades de realização para a criança.
Conclusão: constatamos que o plano de atividades físicas adaptadas produziu efeito positivo no perfil das Práxias desta criança, uma vez que o seu perfil evoluiu mostrando em alguns subfactores um excelente índice de disponibilidade motora.
Objetivo: conhecer a opinião das crianças sobre o envolvimento parental. Metodologia: A amostra é constituída por 203 crianças praticantes de futebol, entre os escalões de infantis e iniciados. O instrumento utilizado foi o questionário adaptado do “Parental Involvement Sport Questionnaire” de Lee e Mclean (1997). Resultados: Na opinião das crianças há um grande envolvimento dos mesmos na prática desportiva dos filhos. Conclusões: estudo demonstrou que há diferenças na influência e intervenção e no incentivo e preocupação dos pais na prática desportiva dos filhos, entre os infantis e iniciados. Há também diferenças no incentivo e preocupação dos pais na prática desportiva dos filhos e no espírito desportivo, entre os pais que têm habilitações literárias altas e baixas. Há ainda diferenças na influência e intervenção dos pais na prática desportiva dos filhos e no incentivo e preocupação com essa prática, entre os pais com e sem prática desportiva.
O estudo pretende avaliar o impacto de um programa de intervenção psicomotora no meio aquático no desenvolvimento do perfil psicomotor e das competências da leitura e da escrita num jovem do género masculino de 16 anos de idade com síndrome fetal alcoólica.
Procedeu-se à avaliação do perfil psicomotor, através da Bateria de Observação Psicomotora de Vítor da Fonseca, e das competências de leitura e escrita, através de uma grelha de palavras avaliando o número de palavras e a velocidade da leitura e escrita.
Aplicou-se um programa de intervenção psicomotora, em simultâneo com a leitura e escrita, em contexto sala de aula e em meio aquático.
No fim do programa, procedeu-se a nova avaliação, pelo mesmo método do processo inicial, procurando apurar evoluções nos domínios mais fracos.
Verificaram-se melhorias nos fatores psicomotores de equilibração e lateralização, evidenciando um aumento do número de palavras globalizadas, assim como uma melhoria na qualidade gráfica.
Anthropometric and performance data were collected from 184 rugby players (mean age=17.9±0.5 years, body mass=84.2±13.5 kg; height =1.79±0.07 m) to explore: (i) the correlation among indicators; and (ii) compare profiles from the selected (n =39) and non-selected (n =145) players to represent the Portuguese under-19 national team. Anthropometry characteristics included body height and body mass. Physical performance variables included push up and pull-up test, squat, Sargent test, flexed arm hang test, sit-and- reach test, 20 m shuttle run test, handgrip strength test, 20-m and 50-m sprint and Illinois agility test. The results showed that the selected rugby athletes reported significantly higher levels of right (t = 2.77, p = 0.01, ES= -0.5 [-0.8 to -0.2]) and left handgrip strength scores (t = 2.81, p = 0.01, ES = -0.5 [-0.8 to -0.2]), and significantly better (i.e. lower) levels of agility scores (t = -2.28, p = 0.02, ES = 0.4 [0.1 to 0.7]) than the non- selected rugby athletes. Accordingly, prospective players need to be constantly monitored and evaluated across age-categories in order to allow them to achieve the anthropometrical and fitness requirements needed to play at the international level.
Introduction: The motivation in Physical Education classes declines as students continue their studies, so its important programs that motivate and arouse interest in learning these themes, adding several and different approaches in these classes. Objective: The objective of the present study was to verify if the application of a strength circuit in high-school students could cause improvements in the strength of the upper and lower limbs. Methods: We evaluated 44 students (M = 24 / F = 20) of the 12th year in high school (EG = 22 students and CG = 22 students). Results: Significant differences in the post-test were observed in the horizontal jump, with a higher mean in the experimental group compared to the control group. In the 1kg medical ball throwing the differences were significant in both moments (pre and post-test), when comparing the groups, with a superior mean in the experimental group. In the 3 kg medicinal ball throwing, significant differences were also observed in both moments, comparing the performance of both groups. The push-up tests did not present significant differences in the pre-test, but showed significant differences in the post-test, with higher means in the experimental group. Conclusions: Through the applied training program, with a duration of 15 minutes, it was possible to verify that the experimental group obtained higher gains, when compared to the control group, for all the variables under study.
Objetivos: Promover a introdução dos recursos digitais em atividades relacionadas com a expressão motora, analisar o efeito da prática de atividades motoras realizadas com a Nintendo Wii® e identificar mudanças no seu desenvolvimento motor resultantes da prática no ambiente virtual. Métodos: A investigação decorreu num Jardim de Infância, com 11 crianças: 6 pertencentes ao grupo experimental (utilizaram a Nintendo Wii®) e 5 ao grupo de controlo (não utilizaram a Nintendo Wii®) que realizaram avaliações relativamente ao equilíbrio, praxia, noção do corpo e lateralidade), presentes na Bateria Psicomotora (BPM) de Vítor Fonseca. O estudo realizou-se em 7 sessões utilizando a Nintendo Wii® e respetivos acessórios (2 Wii Remote e 1 Balance Board). Foi utlizado o programa SPSS (versão 20), testada a normalidade através do teste Shapiro-Wilk e provas não-paramétricas de Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney. Resultados: O grupo experimental apesar de não evidenciar diferenças estatisticamente significativas, apresenta, em todas as variáveis avaliadas valores mais favoráveis em comparação com o grupo de controlo. Conclusões: Verificou-se que a utilização da Nintendo Wii® melhores resultados no grupo experimental nas variáveis analisadas (equilíbrio, lateralidade, noção do corpo, praxia global).
This work is a review with a main objective: to develop knowledge about physical activity in neurotrophic factors. We have outlined three objectives within the affective, psychomotor and cognitive domains. These are respectively: the value of the practice of physical activity (PA) and to explain the relationship between the practice of PA and neurotrophic fac- tors. For the accomplishment of this work, informative documents were searched through Google Scholar, Online Library of Knowledge (B-ON), PubMed and Scopus DataBase. The study addresses the concept of PA, the benefits and factors associated with adherence, persistence and abandonment of regular physical activity and in a second phase the concept of neurotrophic factors and the relationship that exists between the practice of PA and neurotrophic factors. Physical exercise increases the expression of a protein called brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A connection has been established between physical exercise, the levels of this neurotrophin and its beneficial effects on the brains of animals and humans. It has recently been shown that exercises sessions are capable of increasing serum and plasma BDNF con- centration in addition to an increase in BDNF expression in skeletal muscle. In this review will be approached the effect of physical exercise on the expression of BDNF in the brain. Recent studies have shown that there is a potential benefit in increasing BDNF expression and release by brain and some peripheral tissues, induced by exercise, resulting in an improvement in brain function.
As crianças com Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo (PEA) podem aprender a utilizar o seu corpo do mesmo modo que uma criança sem qualquer problema, apenas têm mais dificuldades em processar a informação. A dificuldade de socialização pode provocar um atraso no desenvolvimento psicomotor. Por sua vez, as atividades físicas são promotoras de uma boa saúde e bem-estar da criança com PEA e a sua motricidade pode vir a desenvolver-se de modo a conseguir uma envolvência com o corpo e com o espaço.
O estudo centra-se na observação dos efeitos da atividade física adaptada nos fatores psicomotores Práxia Global e Práxia Fina de uma criança com espectro do autismo, a frequentar o jardim de Infância.
Aplicou-se a bateria psicomotora (BPM) de Vítor da Fonseca, traçou-se o perfil psicomotor da criança e seguidamente extraíram-se os resultados relativos a estes dois fatores, por serem os mais fracos, e, concebeu-se e aplicou-se um plano de atividades físicas adaptadas. No final do programa voltou-se a aplicar a bateria psicomotora.
Da análise à primeira aplicação da BPM os fatores com pior perfil foram os das Práxias Global (1,3-Fraco) e Fina (1-Fraco), cujos resultados revelam uma realização imperfeita, incompleta e descoordenada.
O plano de atividades físicas adaptadas foi elaborado tendo em vista sobretudo estes fatores visando melhorar o desempenho da criança nas suas competências psicomotoras ao nível das Práxias. O plano foi aplicado durante 7 meses, com 3 sessões por semana de 40 minutos.
Por fim, voltou-se a aplicar a BPM, cujos resultados apresentam melhorias evidentes nos diferentes subfactores da Praxia Global obtendo assim um valor considerado bom, com realização controlada e adequada (3,2 - bom). Apesar da Praxia Fina continuar a apresentar melhorias pouco evidentes (1,4 - Fraco), um dos subfatores –Tamborilar – evoluiu bastante, mas mesmo assim é o fator psicomotor com mais dificuldades de realização para a criança.
Constatamos que o plano de atividades físicas adaptadas produziu efeito positivo no perfil das Práxias desta criança, uma vez que o seu perfil evoluiu mostrando em alguns subfatores um excelente índice de disponibilidade motora.
O estudo pretende conhecer atividades, trajetos e locais frequentados e os obstáculos identificados nas rotinas de vida diária de crianças/jovens com NEE, a viver em meio urbano, durante o tempo em que estão fora do período escolar. No estudo participaram 4 sujeitos com idades entre os 9 e 14 anos de idade, com diferentes deficiências.
Os resultados demonstraram que os sujeitos têm como suporte nas suas rotinas os pais, outros familiares e profissionais de educação e de saúde. As rotinas semanais centram-se fundamentalmente em casa e nos locais onde realizam atividades específicas. As atividades de tempos de lazer decorrem em casa, com o recurso a suportes eletrónicos e são classificadas como sedentárias. Os acompanhantes nas atividades são principalmente familiares. A idade e as deficiências associadas são fatores que influenciam a autonomia e independência de mobilidade. As dificuldades de interação com os seus pares constituem um dos obstáculos no dia a dia destas crianças/jovens.
Concluímos que os sujeitos passaram muito tempo em casa, envolvidos num reduzido número de atividades usando poucos objetos. Frequentaram poucos locais, na companhia de familiares, com reduzida independência de mobilidade. Os principais obstáculos encontrados nos locais e trajetos efetuados estão sobretudo relacionados com a sua problemática.
Pretende-se com este trabalho avaliar a motivação de atletas para a prática do Hóquei em Patins em função do escalão etário. Participaram 179 atletas de hóquei em patins: 35 do escalão de infantis, 34 dos iniciados, 24 dos juvenis, 31 dos juniores e 57 dos seniores. Pretendeu-se avaliar quais os pressupostos que motivam estes atletas para a prática do hóquei em patins. Para o efeito aplicou-se o Questionário de Motivação para as Atividades Desportivas (QMAD). Verificaram-se níveis de motivação bastante satisfatórios, com médias superiores a 3. O maior índice de motivação centra-se no “Trabalho em Equipa” e em termos de “Influência Extrinseca” e “Aprendizagem Técnica” estas decrescem tendencialmente à medida que o escalão etário aumenta.
Introduction: During childhood and adolescence, obesity is an important predictor of adulthood obesity. Therefore, there should be given an important care to young population to improve the future of our society. To compare the effects of ten-week multicomponent exercise training with different exercise frequencies on body composition (BC) and physical fitness (PF) in overweight and obese young children. Material and Methods: 40 children, aged 12-15 (14.77 ± 1.49), were randomly selected and assigned to two experimental groups to train 3 times per week (EG1) or twice a week (EG2) for 10 weeks: EG1 (n=10), EG2 (n= 10) groups and a CG group (n= 20; no training program). Results: It was shown that experimental groups (EG1 and EG2) increased aerobic capacity, muscular strength and flexibility from pre- to post-training. The highest gains on muscular strength were observed in experimental group that performed twice a week; but better improvements on flexibility, body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BFP) were observed in experimental group that performed 3 times per week. Conclusions: This type of exercise suggests that performing physical activities 2 or 3 times per week appears to be effective for physical fitness improvement, independently of the exercise frequency. However, to improve BMI and decrease BFP (body fat percentage) exercise frequency will be important in overweight and obese children. This could be a reliable choice to optimize physical fitness and improve well-being in overweight and obese children.
The motivation in Physical Education classes declines as students continue their studies, so its important programs that motivate and arouse interest in learning these themes, adding several and different approaches in these classes. Objective: The objective of the present study was to verify if the application of a strength circuit in high-school students could cause improvements in the strength of the upper and lower limbs. Methods: We evaluated 44 students (M = 24 / F = 20) of the 12th year in high school (EG = 22 students and CG = 22 students). Results: Significant differences in the post-test were observed in the horizontal jump, with a higher mean in the experimental group compared to the control group. In the 1kg medical ball throwing the differences were significant in both moments (pre and post-test), when comparing the groups, with a superior mean in the experimental group. In the 3 kg medicinal ball throwing, significant differences were also observed in both moments, comparing the performance of both groups. The push-up tests did not present significant differences in the pre-test, but showed significant differences in the post-test, with higher means in the experimental group. Conclusions: Through the applied training program, with a duration of 15 minutes, it was possible to verify that the experimental group obtained higher gains, when compared to the control group, for all the variables under study.
El envejecimiento de la población es un hecho cada vez más observable en varios países desarrollados, como Portugal. Esta fase de la vida conduce a pérdidas biológicas y, a veces, a otros problemas psíquicos y sociales, lo que conduce a una disminución de la calidad de vida en esta edad. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar si los mayores, practicantes de un programa regular de actividad física formal tienen una mejor percepción de su calidad de vida que los mayores, no practicantes. La muestra consistió en 64 ancianos (n = 64), residentes en Proença-a-Nova, divididos en dos grupos, uno que designamos a grupo de practicantes con 32 individuos que participan en los programas de hidrogimnasia y gimnasia sénior, y otro con 32 elementos designados por grupo de no practicantes, que incluían individuos
que no practicaban actividad física formal. La calidad de vida percibida se midió utilizando el cuestionario MOS SF-36v2. Los resultados revelaron que la percepción de la calidad de vida tiende a ser mayor en los practicantes de actividad física, pero solo presenta diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las dimensiones de la función física, la función social y en el elemento de cambio en la salud, presentando valores más altos para el grupo de practicantes.
Population aging is an increasingly observable fact in several developed countries. In Portugal, the
percentage of elderly people is much higher compared to other age groups. We know that this phase of life
causes damage at the biological level, psychological and social problems, which means that the quality of
life at this age can decrease. Physical activity can be a means of reversing and / or preventing loss of quality
of life. This study aims to verify whether elderly people who practice a regular program of formal physical
activity have a better perception of their quality of life than non-practicing elderly people. The sample
consisted of 64 elderly people (n = 64), residing in Proença-a-Nova in Portugal, divided into two groups, a
group of practitioners in elderly programs and another group not practicing formal physical activity. The
perception of quality of life was measured using the MOS SF-36v2 questionnaire, while the battery of tests
by the Senior Fitness Test by Rikli and Jones (1999; 2001) was used to assess the functional level. The
results showed that the perception of quality of life presents few statistically significant differences, with the
highest values being that of the group of practitioners. The perception of quality of life reveals a weak
correlation with the functional level presented by the two groups. It was concluded that the practice of physical
activity does not influence the perception of quality of life, but it has a significant influence on a better
functional level.
Atualmente, a tarefa de avaliar assume um papel preponderante em qualquer operação de planeamento.
Deste modo, torna-se importante avaliar os processos, para saber se estamos a cumprir os objetivos a que nos propomos; a avaliação não deve ser deixada ao acaso, sob pena de não conseguirmos identificar se obtemos os resultados, inicialmente, pretendidos.
Rapidamente, constatamos que o processo de avaliação é um processo complexo e contínuo e que as diferentes etapas (avaliação diagnóstica, avaliação formativa e avaliação sumativa) devem ser, cuidadosamente, realizadas para que se possam obter indicadores que revelem as evidências da aprendizagem. Pretende-se que a classificação seja objetiva e imparcial, isenta de ruído emocional e que dê sentido ao processo de ensino aprendizagem.
Repensando a importância de avaliar, não só a aprendizagem dos nossos alunos, mas também a da prática docente e o próprio processo de ensino. Com o uso dos mecanismos e instrumentos, poderemos comprovar o sucesso dos nossos alunos, as suas competências e os objetivos pretendidos, permitindo colocar o foco da nossa atenção nas aprendizagens imprescindíveis ao referido sucesso. Além disso, mediante o conhecimento, a prática e a valorização da atividade física como forma de manter a saúde, como meio de relação social, contribui para o desenvolvimento das competências e o conhecimento e interação com o mundo físico.
Sport is made by people and is for people, as it is a multidisciplinary process involving athletes, coaches, clinical staff, families, managers, and other institutional supporters, such as academia and industry. We have been working in sport for almost 40 years and the opportunity to be in daily contact with athletes and coaches has given us the will to study them harder in order to promote the athlete’s health and performance and to ensure the best training regimes.
Fortunately, the increasing number of scientific disciplines surrounding sport, namely sports medicine, physiology, neurophysiology, psychology, sports health, nutrition, biomechanics (among others) are driving sport and athletes into safer and later sport experiences, which is in fact the added value of this book. This book presents a diversity of themes related to sports medicine and health varying from clinical issues, such as sports injuries to specific neuropsychological aspects of the athletes’ behaviour regulation and parathletes’ motivation for sport practice.
The book is structured in six chapters, which combine research and clinical/exercise applications that we would like to highlight. Chapter 1 involves the study of the volitional (arbitrary) regulation of behaviour and its connections with the individual features of interhemispheric asymmetries in sports activities practice. Chapter 2 addresses the role of one important professional in sport, which is the Sport and Exercise Medicine physician, and his specific training, skills, and abilities from recreational sports to elite level and as a healthy lifestyle promoter. Chapter 3 discusses the pathophysiology of a mild traumatic brain injury or sport-related concussion sustained during sports participation and presents the scientific evidence-based acute screening and detection methods available and general guidelines for recovery and active rehabilitation. Chapter 4 is focused on
the pathophysiology of the knee-dislocation and strategies to increase strength and endurance training in rehabilitation. Chapter 5 is practice-oriented to the adaptive responses inherent to exercise training on cardiac remodelling. Chapter 6 reports results on the motivation of Russian highly qualified parathletes from three
different regions. This comprehensive volume is very appealing, which will be also recognised by
sports and health professionals, who need further support in their daily work with athletes and coaches, in particular. It is also attractive to researchers and students interested in sport and health related areas.
Human diversity faces several challenges, as there are many people in situations of vulnerability due to personal and environmental factors. Vulnerable populations can experience physical, psychological, and social problems. Those include people who face great precariousness in their life and find themselves in a situation of effective vulnerability. These people need a prompt, effective and a scientific evidence-based response to overcome barriers thrown at them. This book compiles a set of focused evidence chapters to raise awareness on the particular conditions of special populations, invoking assessment and intervention to promote better life conditions.
In the first chapter we can find an issue that affects contemporary society, the ageing population. Although living longer is an unquestionable gain, the truth is that increasing average life expectancy inevitably entails the onset of dementia, urging the need to slow its progression and minimize its impact. It presents scientifically based physical activity to combat the cognitive decline and extend the years of life with quality.
Chapter 2 raises awareness on people with brain damage with altered consciousness. The uncertainty on the patient’s state of conscience leads to doubts in the course of action to follow in terms of treatment or prolongation of life. Correct assessment plays a vital role to foster best decisions and directed interventions on the patient’s best interest. Situations of misdiagnosis and consequently unachieved interventions are frequent and must be improved through extended and evidence-based approaches. People with special needs are addressed in the third chapter. We are in a global world where borders fade and anyone can pursue employment and better life outside his/her country. It may seem simple, but there are persons with constraints that cannot fulfil their needs. Not using a common language can prevent social and employment relations. Exclusion is aggravated when learning a language hampered by a functional limitation. Sensory, motor
and cognitive disabilities can hinder a truthful inclusion in modern society. EN-ABILITIES is a European project that aims to enable English autonomous learning by people with diverse needs, sustained on a universal design for learning approach.
The fourth chapter focuses on the performance of activities of daily living of children with disabilities. What for many is considered acquired, for others it seems to be a difficult task. Those inattentive, may not realize the impact of having great difficulties, or not being able, to perform everyday tasks can have in the life of a child with functional limitations. Depending on others for several tasks, having reduced options for activities and encountering mobility barriers is a crucial factor for those who experience great difficulties. Knowing this and other issues can structure routines that facilitate their inclusion in the different contexts in which these children are inserted. Autism Spectrum Disorders are discussed on the fifth chapter. It has been found that children with ASD experience difficulties processing, integrating and responding to sensory stimuli. Consequently, behaviours associated with difficulty processing and integrating sensory information create social isolation for children and their families, restrict participation in daily living activities and impact social engagement. What for some can be misbehaviour is in fact a maladaptive response to the environment and must be carefully addressed to minimize and overcome sensory processing dysfunctions. Specialized interventions such as occupational therapy using sensory integration are in order to help children with ASD respond more
adequately to environmental stimuli. Diabetes, referred in chapter six, is a modern world disease. Although it may be congenital, it also emerges from modern life style and eating habits. Aetiology aside, it can be seen that it can lead to serious problems with loss of independence and drastic reduction of quality of life. The adoption of a strategy to prevent the onset and progression of the disease are imperative. However, when it is already installed, its effects must be minimized. The combination of the intervention of different professionals seems like the procedure to adopt for an optimized approach.
Chapter seven goes through Celiac disease an increasingly visible condition, with frequent identification of more cases. The ordinary citizen is not aware of the difficulties that people suffering from this disease suffer. In catering and collective food services, mistakes that can harm a vulnerable person are frequent. It is important to raise awareness of the effects of the disease, in particular those that can make a difference in the lives of these people, avoiding things as simple as cross-contamination in food distribution, storage and handling, without ever forgetting the need for research and innovation for normalizing the diet of these people.
Animal Assisted Therapy and Developmental Disorders come to us in chapter eight. In it we can read how therapy with animals can assist in the promotion of skills, health-related issues and well-being of persons with developmental disorder. The overview presented shows the array of conditions that can benefit of this type of interventions. The basis of the intervention is the arise of a relationship that liberates the person with developmental disabilities, promoting positive emotional responses that influence neurobiological components and enhances performance in diverse areas, independent functioning, social participation and quality of life of those which are confronted with limitations due to disorders in their development.
Early in this book, physical activity was mentioned as a preventive and therapeutic intervention for people with diverse conditions. Chapter nine addresses again physical activity, but this time in people with disabilities. Due to their functional constraints, people with disabilities tend to perform less, or not to perform, physical activity that would greatly benefit them in a multidimensional way. It reveals the need to identify the physical activity determinants in order to contribute to conceptual changes, new interventions and policies that increase the levels of physical activity on this population and, consequently, further advance in their full social inclusion.
The final chapter, chapter 10, deepens the theme of physical activity in children with disabilities. It’s well known regular physical activity has a positive impact in health and lifestyle, contributing for functionality and quality of life. It is important to create opportunities for physical activity. In this context, school sports appear as a first line of intervention. Inclusion is a trend that must be completely fulfilled. Legislation protects the rights of functional diverse students and obliges to their inclusion in school activities, of which school sports cannot be an exception. Although it may seem less compelling to mandatorily engage in physical exercise, the truth is that if it is not enforced, it will probably never be performed by those who need it. For the foregoing, this book assumes as essential when the theme are populations in situations of vulnerability. Academics, technicians, and the general population here have a source for drinking knowledge shed by scientists and based on rigorous scientific evidence.
BACKGROUND: This work presents an application extension of the motivation Trans-contextual Model, specifically in the prediction of veteran athletes’ life satisfaction.
METHODS: A sample of 682 Portuguese veteran athletes of both genders, aged between 30 and 76 years old (M=43.64; SD=8.25) were used, in which, through questionnaires, the following was measured: basic psychological needs satisfaction, motivation, variables of planned behavior and life satisfaction.
RESULTS: The structural equations model showed that social relation perception predicts positively and significantly autonomous motivation. In turn, it predicts attitudes positively and significantly, subjective norms and control perception, predicting these, positively and significantly the intentions. Satisfaction with life is positively and significantly predicted by intentions and control perception.
CONCLUSIONS: From the results reached in this study, it is important to emphasize the importance of fostering social relations, since this will favor autonomous motivation, promoting a higher behavioral control over the practitioners’ intentions, generating greater life satisfaction.
Obesity is the most common childhood illness in developed countries and its prevalence continues to increase. The objective was to analyze the influence of obesity on the motor coordination of children between 6 and 9 years old. Equipment and Methods: A number of 52 pupils of both genders participated for evaluation of the prevalence of obesity using the measurement of the abdominal perimeter and the Body Mass Index (BMI) categorized as Normal-Weighted, Excess Weight and Obesity. The assessment of motor coordination was performed by the KTK test. SPSS (version 19.0) was used for statistical purposes. Results: Girls had lower levels of performance rather than boys, and the pupils presented worse levels of motor performance as the age progressed. Regarding the prevalence of obesity, the two-gender obtained high mean values for the Normal-weighted category, whereas 25% is overweight. Regarding the level of motor coordination, 57.7% of the pupils had Normal Coordination and 40.4% had coordinative difficulties. Pupils with higher values of BMI and abdominal perimeter obtains lower results of motor coordination.
Abstract. The mobility dependence appears to be associated with less autonomy in children who spend less time playing alone or being with friends in playful situations. Our intention is to study the dependence of mobility of children in the 1st cycle of education in an urban environment with ages between 6 and 12 years old. The sample consisted of 186 children of both genders of which 95 were female and 91 were male. A multiple response questionnaire was used, and the statistical analysis used was descriptive frequency, crosstabs and inferential analysis. Children who practiced more physical activity are those in the 2nd grade: 70.8% (34), below these are the 3rd grade: 67.9% (36), with the 4th grade having 64.8% (35) and finally the 1st grade with 58.1% (18). In total 66.1% (123) engaged in physical activity and 33.9% (63) did not exercise in any sports club or municipal facilities. We have come to some conclusions, with regards to school transportation, almost all students are moving with motorized transportation where the majority cannot go out without family going with them to any activity, and we have also concluded that the female gender is more active than the males.
Introdução: O presente trabalho visa compreender quais as situações que melhor se enquadram os fundamentos técnico-táticos para um bom desenvolvimento do jogo, neste caso no Hóquei em Patins, onde através da comparação entre duas situações de jogo sendo elas: jogo formal e jogo em campo reduzido (Mini-Hóquei) nos escalões Benjamins e Escolares. Objetivo: Verificar se a diminuição das dimensões do campo nestes escalões de formação, promove uma maior ação em termos técnico-táticos por parte dos jogadores, com vista à formação e compreensão do jogo. Métodos: foi utilizada a gravação em vídeo de 10 jogos de Hóquei, 5 jogos regulamentares e 5 de Mini-hóquei, e foram registados os dados referentes aos passes efetuados, remates e número de golos. Foi utilizado para o tratamento estatístico o programa SPSS versão 20.0 onde efetuámos a estatística descritiva, médias e desvios padrões e ainda testes não paramétricos de Wilcoxon e Prova U de Mann-Whitney. O valor de significância foi colocado a p ≤ 0,05 que permitiu verificar que existe significância nas hipóteses testadas. Resultados: os resultados corroboram o nosso objetivo, uma vez que a maioria das hipóteses não foram rejeitadas, nos 5 jogos regulamentares foram registados um total 1214 passes, 229 remates e 54 golos. Nos resultados dos jogos de Mini-hóquei foram registados um total de total de 578 passes, 286 remates e 84 golos. Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos permitem-nos subentender que o Mini-hóquei promove uma maior ação técnico-táctica nestes escalões, com maior interação com bola, tornando-se assim numa excelente etapa de ensino-aprendizagem para o jogo formal 5x5 em campo de dimensões oficiais.
The mobility dependence appears to be associated with less autonomy in children who spend less time playing alone or being with friends in playful situations. Our intention is to study the dependence of mobility of children in the 1st cycle of education in an urban environment with ages between 6 and 12 years old. The sample consisted of 186 children of both genders of which 95 were female and 91 were male. A multiple response questionnaire was used, and the statistical analysis used was descriptive frequency, crosstabs and inferential analysis. Children who practiced more physical activity are those in the 2nd grade: 70.8% (34), below these are the 3rd grade: 67.9% (36), with the 4th grade having 64.8% (35) and finally the 1st grade with 58.1% (18). In total 66.1% (123) engaged in physical activity and 33.9% (63) did not exercise in any sports club or municipal facilities. We have come to some conclusions, with regards to school transportation, almost all students are moving with motorized transportation where the majority cannot go out without family going with them to any activity, and we have also concluded that the female gender is more active than the males.
Os resultados do Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) promoveram uma reflexão sobre o tempo e curricula escolares em diferentes países, levando ao aparecimento da “escola em tempo integral” como forma mais apropriada para melhorar os resultados escolares dos alunos.
Objetivo: Perceber como é que o movimento e o jogo são desenvolvidos na “escola em tempo integral”, através de um “retrato de movimento na escola”.
Métodos: Para responder ao objetivo enunciado optámos por um estudo do tipo exploratório descritivo analítico efetuado numa escola da cidade de Castelo Branco. Foram usados como métodos para recolha dos dados: a observação (nos espaços exteriores e interiores), a análise documental (projeto educativo, plano anual de atividades e regulamento interno) e entrevistas semiestruturadas (ao diretor do agrupamento, a alunos e professoras). As entrevistas foram todas gravadas para posterior análise.
Resultados: A apresentação dos resultados obedece a uma triangulação dos dados recolhidos. Constatamos que a escola tem uma estrutura do tempo escolar em blocos de 90 minutos; mas pouca possibilidade para o aluno de organizar o seu tempo de aprendizagem de maneira autónoma; um ensino orientado ao professor; um ensino cognitivo, sem movimento, com muito tempo para os alunos permanecerem sentados; separação entre o ensino de manhã e da tarde. Variedade de ofertas de movimento com uma perspetiva de sentido orientada ao desporto; uma cooperação estreita com parceiros externos, mas também com outro pessoal pedagógico da escola. Separação entre uma área escolar interna como uma aréa imóvel (sem movimento) e uma área escolar externa como uma área móvel.
Os professores relatam um ensino móvel, os alunos nunca vivenciam um ensino móvel, mas também não foi observado qualquer ensino móvel.
Conclusões: A escola estudada tem espaços, no entanto a forma como está configurado o espaço interior, bem como o mobiliário usado, as normas impostas e a gestão e abordagem das matérias escolares são claramente condicionadoras do movimento das crianças, havendo possibilidades de movimento e um tempo privilegiado de jogo essencialmente durante os intervalos escolares e atividades extraescolares.
A nossa sociedade evidencia uma tendência preocupante para a inatividade física, associados aos graves problemas de saúde pública que proliferam na sociedade (Mota & Salis, 2002). A importância da atividade física (AF) para a população infanto-juvenil é hoje inquestionável, proporcionando a prática regular destas atividades efeitos positivos sobre o organismo. A preocupação com a questão da AF e saúde, para todas as faixas etárias, tem sido constante, prova disso são as investigações realizadas nesta área, e o próprio interesse e preocupação das pessoas sobre esta temática (Paulo, 2014). O objetivo geral deste estudo passa por verificar quais as diferenças, ao nível da composição corporal e das habilidades motoras, comparando crianças com níveis de prática de AF diferenciados, de ambos os sexos e idades distintas, correlacionando ainda as variáveis composição corporal, habilidades motoras e idade.
Estudo transversal com amostra constituída por 204 crianças com uma idade média de 7.83 ±1.4 anos, de ambos os géneros, divididos em dois grupos: Grupo AFEXTRA- 62 crianças que praticam algum tipo de AF, supervisionada e periodizada, complementando a prática letiva; Grupo AFESCOLA- 142 crianças que apenas praticam AF na escola. Para dividir os grupos foi feito um pequeno questionário que foi inserido no Termo de Consentimento Informado. Foram avaliados os valores de composição corporal (IMC, Perímetro Cintura (PC), Massa Muscular (MM), Massa Óssea (MO) e % Massa Gorga (MG)), recorrendo aos respetivos protocolos de avaliação, e foi aplicada a bateria de testes Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK) (Kiphard & Schilling, 1974), que foi usada para avaliar a coordenação motora das crianças. Os dados obtidos foram tratados no S.P.S.S. 21.0 recorrendo numa primeira fase à estatística descritiva, posteriormente procedeu-se à verificação da normalidade da amostra através do Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Para as variáveis analisadas, que não apresentaram distribuição normal, procedeu-se à utilização do teste U de Mann-Whitney, adotando-se um nível de significância de 0.05.
Os resultados obtidos parecem demonstrar indiferença entre os grupos com níveis de prática diferenciada, em muitos dos indicadores estudados. O grupo AFEXTRA apresenta resultados estatisticamente diferentes (p≤0,05), ao nível de %MG, quando comparado com o grupo oposto (p=0.000). Nas restantes variáveis de composição corporal não se apresentam diferenças entres os grupos de estudo. Nas variáveis referentes às habilidades motoras, não se encontram diferenças quando comparados grupos com níveis de prática diferenciada em nenhuma das variáveis estudadas, contudo, verificam-se diferenças (p≤0,05), entre as crianças com idades distintas nas variáveis Saltos Monopedais (p=0.000), Transferência de Plataformas (p=0.011) e Score Total (p=0.001). Nas restantes variáveis de avaliação de habilidades motoras não se encontraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas (Trave (p=0.317) e Saltos Laterais (p=0.592).
A prática de exercício extraescolar, supervisionado e periodizado, parece contribuir para valores de %MG mais reduzidos. A adoção de hábitos de vida sedentários reflete-se nas habilidades motoras, nomeadamente na coordenação motora, à medida que as crianças vão envelhecendo, influenciando a sua prestação motora, diminuindo a prestação da mesma.
The Theory of Self‐determination (Deci & Ryan, 2002) is based on a motivational domain and leads
to the importance of meeting basic psychological needs of perception of autonomy, perception of
competence and perception of social relations in the appearance of self‐determined behaviour,
which are those that cause series of consequences as the future commitment to sports or exercise
(Palmeira, 2010) and what kind of affection promotes to them a perspective of a life satisfaction
(Andrews & Withey, 1976). According to studies relating the degree of self‐determination based on
different training habits and athletic history, veterans athletes revealed high levels of intrinsic
motivation, moderate extrinsic motivation and almost inexistence in terms of amotivation once that
for these athletes the most important aspect of this sport is the satisfaction by overcoming their
own limits during training and then to overcome opponents in competitions, hoping for a medal, or
even a record (Sancho & Ruiz‐Juan, 2015). This exploratory study aims, in the context of veteran
sport, i) characterise the motivation and satisfaction of basic psychological needs to practice judo;
ii) to know the level of satisfaction with life; and iii) to understand which variables of selfdetermination
influence levels of affection and satisfaction with life.
A educação inclusiva é um dos objetivos de todos os sistemas educativos das sociedades democráticas, proporcionando igualdade de oportunidades a todas as crianças. Para tal é necessário flexibilizar/adaptar o currículo para responder adequadamente às crianças com Necessidades Educativas Especiais (NEE).
As Orientações Curriculares para a Educação Pré-Escolar (OCEPE) apresentam-se como um conjunto de princípios para apoiar o educador nas decisões sobre a sua prática e constituem-se como uma referência comum em relação à componente educativa para todos os educadores da rede nacional. Tornam-se, assim, um apoio importante para os educadores, contribuindo para a inclusão de todas as crianças e não apenas de algumas no processo educativo regular.
A inclusão das crianças com NEE tem vindo a equacionar grandes perspetivas ao nível internacional e no âmbito nacional, através do Decreto-Lei 3/2008, foram definidos os objetivos da Educação Especial (EE): inclusão educativa e social; acesso e sucesso educativos; preparação para a vida pós-escolar ou profissional; promoção da igualdade de oportunidades.
Visto a questão de a inclusão ser um tema fulcral do ponto de vista da igualdade e da coesão social, pretendemos, por isso, conhecer a realidade das práticas de alguns profissionais da Educação Pré-Escolar em ação, dado que as crianças com NEE têm direito de serem incluídas no ensino regular.
O objetivo centra-se em analisar se as Educadoras de Infância (EI) do ensino regular, flexibilizam/adaptam nos seus Projetos Curriculares de Grupo (PCG) os conteúdos, os objetivos, as estratégias/metodologias e os recursos, tendo em conta as NEE.
Este estudo insere-se no âmbito dos métodos qualitativos descritivos, concretamente num estudo de caso, na medida em que o entrevistador, investiga as características de uma unidade individual, que neste caso são as EI, permitindo proporcionar uma melhor compreensão de um caso específico.
Os instrumentos/técnicas de recolha de dados são a análise documental dos PCG e a entrevista semi-estruturada às EI e os dados foram tratados de acordo com a análise de conteúdo tendo em conta a definição das categorias, das unidades de significado, unidades de registo e de contextos.
Das 15 instituições de Educação Pré-Escolar da rede pública/privada existentes na cidade de Castelo Branco apenas 2 se disponibilizaram para participar nesta investigação.
As 4 Educadoras participantes exercem funções educativas em grupos de crianças que têm incluídas crianças com NEE: duas num jardim-de-infância da rede pública e duas na rede privada.
Concluímos que da análise aos PCG, que em alguns casos, a articulação entre estes e os normativos coincide, mas os conteúdos, as estratégias/metodologias e os objetivos são selecionados nos PCG para o grupo sem mencionar especificamente as crianças com NEE.
No entanto através das entrevistas, as EI referiram sempre a flexibilização/adaptação dos conteúdos, estratégias/metodologias e objetivos no dia-a-dia, consoante as NEE da criança, tendo em conta as suas capacidades e interesses.
No que respeita aos recursos humanos, constata-se a falta de recursos humanos, tanto na análise aos PCG como às entrevistas, daí a dificuldade de gestão e organização do trabalho educativo.
The Theory of Self-determination relates to motivation and assumes the importance of meeting basic psychological needs in the appearance of self-determined behavior, as the future engagement with sports or exercise that leads to other healthy lifestyles habits. We intend to: i) characterize the motivation and satisfaction of basic psychological needs to practice sport ii) knowing the lifestyles iii) realize that self-determination variables influences the healthy lifestyles. Agreed to participate 684 veteran athletes of both sexes (age: 43.8 ± 8.6 years; mostly with 3 to 5 hours of weekly training, years of practice: 19.5 ± 12.2). We have applied the Portuguese versions of Basic Psychological Needs Scale Exercise (BPNES), the Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ) and Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire, with the inclusion of sociodemographic data. We used SPSS software (IBM, Statistics 21.0) for processing data, with a focus on descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. The sample showed high levels in basic psychological needs and autonomous motivation, and lower values of controlled motivation and amotivation. In terms of lifestyles, revealed high levels of nutrition habits and rest, and lower values of tobacco consumption habits. Once correlated, the basic psychological needs showed positive and significant correlations with autonomous motivation levels, nutrition habits and rest. Levels of satisfaction with life showed significant and positive correlations with autonomous motivation levels and positive affect, and negative correlations with controlled motivation and amotivation. In regression analysis, nutrition habits and rest are predicted positively by autonomous motivation, as well as the basic psychological needs and negatively by controlled motivation. The results showed that veteran athletes have a good self-determination for sports practice, showing healthy lifestyles related to that same self-determination.
Introduction: Sport activities demand a focused and polarized attention, as necessary condition to learning process. Described as an essential condition to the learning process, attention is considered a powerful mediating variable, because we can notice its influence on the teaching-learning process, as well as its influence on the teacher’s behaviour, the student’s behaviour and the learning results. According to this fact, the focused attention arises as a fundamental condition to the learning process, since the greater the power to keep the focus on a certain object or task, the better the chance of success. Objective: We intend to know the aspects to which the students pay attention during the different moments of the Physical Education class, in individual sportive activities. Methodology: The sample consisted of 156 students from the 3rd Cycle of Basic Education, of both genders (84 female and 72 male). We applied the questionnaire ATEST-EF (Petrica 2003), in which the students signalized what they were thinking of at certain moments of the Physical Education classes, more precisely of Athletics and Gymnastics classes. The results indicate that there are no significant differences, because after the application of the test of “Chi-Square” to associate the variable “Attention” and the variable “Signal” for the individual activities, we can verify the value of (p= .373). From the analysis performed, we can infer that in relation to students' attention profile study in individual sportsathletics and gymnastics, there are no statistically significant differences.
Introduction: The leader, in the coach role, must be able to relate and establish connections with his athletes, and contribute to the construction of an environment conducted by fair and clear norms that do not oppose the organizational culture of the club (Lopes, 2008; Mendo & Ortiz, 2003). Objective: The objective of this research was to identify the leadership behaviours of two coaches from different levels (Under 17 and Seniors), as well as the perception of leadership behaviours of their players. Methodology: The sample consisted of two coaches and 26 players, 12 of them in the “Under 17” level aged between 15 and 17 years, and 14 senior players, aged between 18 and 33 years. We used the Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS) / Leadership Scale in Sport, by Chelladurai & Saleh (1978). In this descriptive and inferential study, the Kolmogrov-Smirnov test was performed for the normality assumptions by choosing the parametric statistic and to analyse the differences between the variables, a Student-T test was performed. Five dimensions were analysed: Training Instruction, Social Support, Reinforcement, Democratic Behaviour and Autocratic Behaviour. The results obtained showed significant differences between the coach's self-perception and the players' perception, as well as their preferences and their comparison between levels. According to coaches, the dimension of training instruction and reinforcement, are the styles of leadership with more emphasis and the smaller is the autocratic.
O presente estudo tem como finalidade analisar se as Educadoras de Infância do ensino regular, flexibilizam/adaptam nos seus Projetos Curriculares de Grupo (PCG) os conteúdos, os objetivos, as estratégias ou metodologias e os recursos, tendo em conta as Necessidades Educativas Especiais (NEE). Procede-se ao levantamento de situações atuais, nomeadamente no que se refere à prática de quatro Educadoras de Infância que exercem funções educativas com grupos de crianças que têm incluídas crianças com NEE, duas num jardim-de-infância da rede pública e duas na rede privada.
Os instrumentos/técnicas de recolha de dados incidiram na análise documental dos PCG na entrevista semiestruturada às Educadoras de Infância e os dados foram tratados de acordo com a análise de conteúdo tendo em conta a definição das categorias, das unidades de significado, unidades de registo e de contextos.
Concluímos que da análise aos PCG os conteúdos, as estratégias/metodologias e os objetivos são selecionados para o grupo sem mencionar especificamente as crianças com NEE. No que respeita aos recursos humanos, constata-se a falta destes, tanto na análise aos PCG como às entrevistas, daí a dificuldade de gestão e organização do trabalho educativo por parte das Educadoras nas suas práticas educativas em grupos inclusivos.
Este estudo pretende identificar as necessidades (de informação, de apoio, explicar aos outros, serviços da comunidade, financeiras e funcionamento da vida familiar) mais frequentes e prioritárias de pais cujos filhos apresentam Necessidades Educativas Especiais incluídos num Jardim-de-infância e relacioná-las com as ca-racterísticas desses pais (composição do agregado familiar, situação familiar, situação laboral).
Da análise constatamos que os tipos de necessidades mais frequente e prioritárias para os pais foram as Necessidades de Informação, as de Apoio e as Financeiras.
Quando relacionadas as características dos pais e os tipos de Necessidades, constatou-se uma forte conver-gência na tendência de respostas mais vezes assinaladas ao nível da composição do agregado familiar, pelo que podemos concluir que não é a tipologia do agregado familiar que condiciona haver mais ou menos di-ficuldades nas necessidades.
Ao nível da situação familiar concluímos que nas Necessidades de Informação, de Apoio, e de Explicar aos Outros verificou-se convergência ao nível da tendência de respostas mais vezes ocorridas. Nas restantes ne-cessidades essa convergência não se verificou.
No caso da situação laboral, na maioria das necessidades existiu convergência na tendência de resposta em termos de situação laboral, pelo que constatamos que não será o tipo situação laboral dos sujeitos do es-tudo a influenciar o tipo de necessidades assinaladas.
BACKGROUND: The study objective was intended to verify whether the practice of maternal physical activity during the pregnancy period could be assumed as a contribution to the acquisition of postural patterns in the child during its first year of life.
METHODS: A transversal and descriptive study was carried where we recorded the developments observed in a sample of 80 Portuguese children, according to the habits and type of physical activity of the mothers. Statistical descriptive and inferential test were performed.
RESULTS: The results were clearly positive in terms of temporal gains of neck tonic control, and also in the acquisition of an erect position.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the average values are not statistical significant we have observed indicators that the maternal physical activity during pregnancy apparently is a factor that can favor the child’s motor development during their first year of life, particularly in the acquisition of postural patterns.
The aging of population is an increasingly observable fact in several developed countries. We know that this life period can mean loss of life quality due to biological losses, psychological problems and social relations. The present study intends to verify if elderly people practicing a regular program of formal physical activity have a better perception of their quality of life compared to non-practicing elderly. The number of participants consisted of 64 elderly people (n = 64), living in Proença-a-Nova, being divided into two groups of 32 elements, in which one group had formal physical activity and the one was non-practitioners. The perceived quality of life was measured using the MOS SF-36 questionnaire. The results revealed that the perception of the quality of life presents only statistically significant differences in the physical and social functions and the health change item, in which that the group of practitioners presents higher values
The recognition of pedagogy and method of Judo was made effective by UNESCO, as a world-wide sport utility in the development of the human being and, as an activity whose spectrum of approach in children's age ranges is quite broad, exerts a preponderant function in the global development of its practitioners, allowing them to transfer the sport context to their specific socio-cultural context. The objective of this study was to relate the practice of Judo in the development of self-concept, self-esteem and academic performance in children’s first-cycle primary school. The study group included 8 parents in charge of education, aged 33- 45 (M = 39.75 SD = 4.33), 6 female and 2 males, 4 had a bachelor's degree, 2 had an undergraduate degree and two had the 12th grade. According to these parents, the practice of Judo is very much linked to the development of self-concept, emphasizing through the promotion of social acceptance, compliance with rules and responsibility or balanced behaviour. It is also linked to the development of self-esteem, insofar as it is an activity that promotes self-confidence. It also exerts an important influence on school performance, since it promotes concentration. It is also emphasized that in the parents' opinion, the inclusion of Judo in the Physical Education curricular programme would bring several benefits for the integral conception of the child as a citizen.
Os resultados do Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) promoveram uma reflexão sobre o tempo e currícula escolares em diferentes países, levando ao aparecimento da "escola em tempo integral"como forma mais apropriada para melhorar os resultados escolares dos alunos. Perceber como é que o movimento e o jogo são desenvolvidos na "escola em tempo integral", através de um "retrato de movimento na escola". Para responder ao objetivo enunciado optámos por um estudo do tipo exploratório descritivo analítico efetuado numa escola da cidade de Castelo Branco. Foram usados como métodos para recolha dos dados: a observação (nos espaços exteriores e interiores), a análise documental (projeto educativo, plano anual de atividades e regulamento interno) e entrevistas semiestruturadas (ao diretor do agrupamento, a alunos e professores). As entrevistas foram todas gravadas para posterior análise. A apresentação dos resultados obedece a uma triangulação dos dados recolhidos. Constatamos que a escola tem uma estrutura do tempo escolar em blocos de 90 minutos; mas pouca possibilidade para o aluno de organizar o seu tempo de aprendizagem de maneira autónoma; um ensino orientado ao professor; um ensino cognitivo, sem movimento, com muito tempo para os alunos permanecerem sentados; separação entre o ensino de manhã e da tarde. Variedade de ofertas de movimento com uma perspetiva de sentido orientada ao desporto; uma cooperação estreita com parceiros externos, mas também com outro pessoal pedagógico da escola. Separação entre uma área escolar interna como uma área imóvel (sem movimento) e uma área escolar externa como uma área móvel. Os professores relatam um ensino móvel, os alunos nunca vivenciam um ensino móvel, mas também não foi observado qualquer ensino móvel. A escola estudada tem espaços, no entanto a forma como está configurado o espaço interior, bem como o mobiliário usado, as normas impostas e a gestão e abordagem das matérias escolares são claramente condicionadoras do movimento das crianças, havendo possibilidades de movimento e um tempo privilegiado de jogo essencialmente durante os intervalos escolares e atividades extraescolares.
The main objective of this study was the validation of the Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire (EVS II), using a confirmatory factorial analysis of the measurement model, with veteran athletes. A total of 348 veteran Portuguese athletes of both genders, aged between 30 and 60 years (M = 41.64, SD = 9.83), of whom 200 were males and 148 were females, from several sports. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis demonstrate the adequacy of the adapted version of the EVS II, as the factorial structure (6 factors/24 items) has acceptable validity indexes: χ2 = 305.925, p = 0.000, df = 120.017, χ2/df = 2.549, NFI (Normed Fit Index) = 0.909, TLI (Tucker Lewis Index) = 0.918, CFI (Comparative Fit Index) = 0.944, GFI (Goodness of Fit Index) = 0.944, AGFI (Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index) = 0.909, SRMR (Standardized Root Mean Square Residual) = 0.048, RMSEA (Root Mean Square of Approximation) = 0.060, allowing evaluation of the dimensions of balanced diet, respect for mealtime, tobacco and alcohol consumption, other drugs consumption and resting habits. The adaptation to sport of the Portuguese version of EVS II can be used with reasonable confidence in the evaluation of healthy lifestyles in the context of sport
Aquatic activities have been recommended as frequent practices due to the physical properties of water with improvements in body composition of young. Objective: To study if there are differences in body composition and spirometric values in children who practice swimming complemented with water walking and those who only practice swimming. Methodology: 28 individuals (6 to 12 years) were divided into two groups: swimming group (SG: n=9) and swimming complemented with water walking group (SWWG: n=19) in three different moments with 6 weeks between them. For body composition a bio-impedance scale was used and an anthropometric tape for the waist circumference. For spirometric values: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and even peak expiratory flow (PEF) a Cosmed Microquark spirometer was used. For statistical procedures the SPSS (20.0) program for descriptive statistics, the Shapiro Wilk test for testing the normality, inferential statistics (non-parametric Mann-Whitney tests, Friedman's Anova), and for the effect size the d-Cohen test. Results: Regarding the inter-group analysis (comparison between the SG and SWWG) we observed that there were significant differences in weight (p=0,004), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1: p=0,025) and peak expiratory flow (PEF: p=0,033). Concerning intra-group differences (improvements in the SG and SWWG), the SWWG showed significant improvements in weight muscle mass (p=0,029), fat mass (p=0,002), percentage of water (p=0,018),, body mass index (BMI: p=0,000), body percentiles (p=0,000), forced vital capacity (FVC: p=0,003) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1: p=0,008). We have concluded that the practice of swimming and water walking have benefits with differences in the analysed group variables, however, the two activities complemented (swimming and water walking) present improvements much more significant.
The objective of this research is to know the activities, the routes, the places visited and the obstacles identified in daily life routines of children / youth with disabilities, living in urban environments, during the time in which they are off the school period. In methodological terms, we used as instruments of study an anamnesis fact sheet and a routine diary that was completed by the parents together with the child / youth, an Individual Educational Plans (IEP) and a semi-structured narrative interview. Eight subjects between the ages of 9 and 15, all with different pathologies, were part of the study. The study was exploratory, descriptive and analytical. The results demonstrated that the subjects are supported in their routines by their parents and other relatives. Weekly out-off-school routines are primarily focused in the home (meaningful and important place) with activities classified mostly as sedentary ones in which they use little materials and in the places where they perform specific activities (Therapies, Tutoring, Music Conservatory and Catechism). The age and pathologies associated with each subject are factors that influence autonomy and independence of mobility. They visited few places and did so mainly in the company of family members. The main obstacles encountered in the routes performed are closely related to their pathology, showing difficulties in interacting with their peers. We conclude that the children / young people who participated in the study engaged in few activities and these were mostly in the home and sedentary. They visit few places, have poor independence of mobility, and interact poorly with others.
The coach role has been widely studied, and it has become a ruling factor in achievement of more knowledge, and by improving their competence. However, most studies are related to regular sports, making it essential to develop the same process in adapted sports. The present study aims to create a project that intends to establish a coaching profile in the field of Adapted Sport through the perspectives of coaches and athletes with Intellectual Disability (ID). Quantitative methods will be used as resource. We will question coaches through questionnaires for the mentoring profile (CPQ; SCDS; SCLS; SCPS) whereas for the leadership profile we will use the Sports Leadership Scale (ELD). As for the athletes they will be questioned through: BRSQ; BPNSS; SWLS and PANAS and Leadership Scale for Sports - LSS - Perception Version and Preferences). The results obtained in the described process, will serve to develop out the construction of a profile of training and performance for the coaches in the area of adapted sport.
The lack of specific training in Adapted Sports in Portugal is an obvious reality and according to this context, the Polytechnic of Castelo Branco, through their School of Education presents in the study plan of the bachelor’s degree of Sports and Physical Activity, the specialization of Sport for People with Disabilities. One of the Curricular Units (CU) included in the study plan is Adapted Sports, where several practical and collaborative methodologies are used. A questionnaire was address to 30 students with the purpose of evaluating the teacher’s performance and the importance of functional and practical dynamism of this Curricular Unit. The teaching methodologies used are highly appreciated by the students, as confirmed by the results of the curricular unit evaluation (mean 5.62) as well as the teacher’s performance (mean 5.66), for a maximal evaluation of 6. This CU also aims to sensitize the entire academic community to Adapted Sports, in order to develop workshops and continuous training in this field.
Com este estudo pretende-se comparar crianças disléxicas e não disléxicas ao nível das capacidades de atenção e memória e ainda a implementação de uma proposta de programa de jogos motores para aferir se existe alguma alteração pós programa na atenção e memória.
A amostra constituída por 26 sujeitos, (12 disléxicos e 14 não disléxicos), com idades entre os 9 e os 12 anos. Instrumentos para avaliação: Teste Menvis- A (avalia a memória visual), Teste Mavo (avalia a memória auditiva), Quadro de Schultz (avalia a atenção distribuída) e o Teste Toulouse Piéron (avalia a atenção concentrada) e na implementação de jogos motores teremos jogos como, o gigante e anão, jogo do galo e jogo do chama e passa.
Podemos afirmar que das sete variáveis analisadas nenhuma delas apresenta diferenças significativas (p≤0,05) entre o grupo de disléxicos e o grupo de não disléxicos. Relativamente à comparação entre os dois momentos (pré e pós programa de intervenção),das sete variáveis analisadas três delas apresentam diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre um grupo e o outro.
O presente trabalho visa compreender quais as situações que melhor se enquadram os fundamentos técnico-táticos para um bom desenvolvimento do jogo, neste caso no Hóquei em Patins, onde através da comparação entre duas situações de jogo sendo elas: jogo formal e jogo em campo reduzido (Mini-Hóquei) nos escalões Benjamins e Escolares. Apresentamos como objetivo verificar se a diminuição das dimensões do campo nestes escalões de formação, promove uma maior ação em termos técnico-táticos por parte dos jogadores, com vista à formação e compreensão do jogo. O método utilizado foi a gravação em vídeo de nove jogos de Hóquei, cinco jogos regulamentares e quatro de Mini-hóquei, e foram registados os dados referentes aos passes efetuados, remates e número de golos. Foi utilizado para o tratamento estatístico o programa SPSS versão 20.0 onde efetuámos a estatística descritiva, médias e desvios padrões e ainda testes não paramétricos de Wilcoxon e Prova U de Mann-Whitney. O valor de significância foi colocado a p ≤ 0.05 que permitiu verificar que existe significância entre as variáveis analisadas. Nos cinco jogos regulamentares foram registados um total 1214 passes, 229 remates e 54 golos. Nos resultados dos jogos de Mini-hóquei foram registados um total de total de 578 passes, 286 remates e 84 golos. Com estes resultados obtidos concluímos que o Mini-hóquei promove uma maior ação técnico-táctica nestes escalões, com maior interação com bola, tornando-se assim numa excelente etapa de ensino-aprendizagem para o jogo formal 5x5 em campo de dimensões oficiais.
Attention is an important variable that can dictate the success and failure of an activity or task. This variable is characterized by the ability to direct cognitive resources to a given situation. The purpose of this research was to find patterns in the students’ attention profiles, according to their academic achievement, during the physical education class and in different sports. We used the ATEST-EF questionnaire (Petrica, 2010) in which students had to answer the question «What were you thinking the moment you heard the signal?»
The study involved 156 students from the 3th cycle of basic education, aged between 12 and 16 years old ( = 14,7 ± 1,3) evaluated in four different sports taught in the discipline of physical education (athletics, gymnastics, basketball and football), and in four moments of the class. Considering our variables, we used Chi-Square and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests. The results show that task attendance holdsthehighestpercentagevalues throughouttheclassinrelationtotheremainingcategories,regardlessoftheiracademicperformance and sport, but we observed that students with satisfactory and good academic performance have more stable values of attention regarding the students with less academic performance. We found statistical significance at the end of the class between students with good academic performance and affective attention, and among students with lower academic performance and attention to other things. Subsequently, we used the same classification to compare the profiles of attention among the four mentioned sports. We observed some patterns between team and individual sports, but did not find statistically differences, however the results suggest a positive relationship between attention and academic performance.
The present investigation intends to study if the importance and the difficulty of the game, if the pre-competitive anxiety
(somatic and cognitive) and the levels of self-confidence in football were influenced by the competitive level (Under 12s and Seniors) and
where the game took place (home / outside) and to verify the correlations between these variables. The sample was intentional and
consisted of 85 male athletes, participants in the regional championship of «Under 12s» and Seniors. The «Under 12s» athletes (35) were
aged between 11 and 12 years (M = 11.02 ± 0.37) and the Senior athletes (50) were aged between 18 and 35 years (M = 26.66 ± 4.41).
The instrument used was the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2) of Martens et al. (1990) and translated and validated into the
Portuguese language by Raposo & Fernandes (2004). Regarding statistical procedures we tested the sample distribution through the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test. For a normal distribution, we used the T-student parametric test for independent samples. Correlations
between the variables were determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient, and we applied linear regression according to the
variable’s importance and difficulty of the games for both age groups. We also applied an inferential method based on the magnitude of
effects through d-Cohen and r-Cohen. We adopted a significance level of p dŠ 0.05. The results showed that, regardless of the competitive
level (Under 12s or Seniors), athletes attributed high levels of importance and difficulty to games played both at home and outside. The
levels of importance and difficulty of the games, as well as the levels of cognitive and somatic anxiety were higher in the Under 12s teams,
although without significant differences compared to Seniors’ teams, whereas the levels of self-confidence were significantly higher in the
Seniors’ teams. In both groups positive correlations were observed between the difficulty of the game and its importance, promoting
these variables in general terms and in both levels an increase of anxiety and a decrease in self-confidence. The results were abounding that
the importance and the difficulty of the games explain residually in the levels of Under 12s and Seniors the states of anxiety and selfconfidence.
In the last few decades, the world has undergone profound demographic changes, reflected in life expectancy. We live for much longer, but we cannot say that these growing years are directly proportional to the quality of life. Dementia, in its different aetiologies, is more and more frequent with a consequent decline in the quality of life. However, cognitive decline and the onset of dementia may be delayed with the adoption of healthy lifestyle habits and therapeutic combinations that use non- pharmacological approaches such as activity and physical exercise. This chapter integrates a thorough review of the literature that characterizes ageing, cognitive decline and dementia, and it summarizes scientific evidence on the effects of physical activity on cognitive functions. Finally, recommendations are presented on the prescription of exercise for older people and elderly people with dementia. It is known that there are direct benefits (action on neurotrophic factors and neurotransmitters, among others), as well as indirect ones such as those resulting from a better vascularization of the brain. However, physical exercise requires precautions related to the conditions inherent to normal and pedagogical ageing. It is possible to perform adapted physical activity resulting from the coordination of sports and health professionals, knowledgeable of the needs and idiosyncrasies of the elderly, with cognitive decline or dementia.
O estudo incidiu na avaliação do perfil psicomotor e posterior a um indivíduo de 20 anos, do género masculino, com Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo (PEA).
O instrumento utilizado foi a Bateria Psicomotora (BPM) para identificar o perfil psicomotor do indivíduo e que nos permitiu a determinação dos fatores psicomotores mais fracos. Posteriormente realizaram-se 12 sessões de hipoterapia, com incidência nos fatores psicomotores que se apresentaram mais fracos. Após a intervenção programada, procedeu-se a uma nova avaliação do indivíduo, o que nos permitiu interpretar a evolução do perfil psicomotor. Em traços conclusivos, o indivíduo na avaliação inicial apresentou um perfil psicomotor dispráxico (satisfatório) e após a implementação das sessões de hipoterapia, verificou-se evolução para um perfil psicomotor eupráxico (normal), o que nos sugere mais um contributo deste tipo de metodologia de intervenção em coletivos com PEA ou mesmo com distúrbios emocionais e comportamentais, contribuindo para a promoção da sua inclusão social.
Attention is considered an important mediator variable in the teaching / learning process, because of that, the scientific community made several investigations in order to understand what students are thinking, what strategies are best to captivate their attention and the type of instructions and/or feedback to develop students’ performance in achieving motor skills. In this research we tried to find differences in attentional profiles, of students during the practice of football and basketball at different moments of a Physical Education class. The sample consists of 156 students of both genders (84 females and 72 males), between 12 and 16 years old (
of 3rd Primary School (7th, 8th and 9th grade) to which a questionnaire was applied, ATEST- EF (Petrica 2010). Questionnaire which students had to point out what they were thinking at certain time of the Physical Education class. This was applied in team sports (football and basketball). In descriptive terms we found that students are in general aware of the task, information and behavior, and there are a few differences between the percentages between them, but from the test Chi_Square we found no statistical differences between the different moments of the Physical Education class. We concluded that, in this sample we didn’t verified the importance of attention and students focus in the different moments of team sport’s practice
The present study aimed for the adaptation and validation of the Questionnaire Atest-EF, with the use of a confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) of the measurement model, applied to students of the 3rd cycle of Basic Education. A total of 156 students of both genders, aged between 12 and 16 years (M = 14.7 ± SD = 1.3) were included in the study, with 84 female and 71 males, from the 7th, 8th and 9th grade. The main results reveal that the psychometric qualities confirm the adequacy of this model, demonstrating that the Atest-EF factorial structure: 1 factor/4 items, has very acceptable indexes of Atest - EF validity: (χ2 = 6.141, p = .000, χ2/gl = 3.07, NFI = 0.90 CFI = .925, IFI = .930, MFI = .9997, GFI = .995, AGFI = .975, RMR = .042, RMSEA = .08, SRMR = .028). With these results, the structural model reveals a satisfactory factorial assessment. This led to conclude that the Portuguese version of Atest-EF can be used, with high confidence in the evaluation of the student’s attention profiles in Physical Education classes. Compared with the moments of the class, there were only significant differences in students’ attention in the approach to sports in the first and fourth moments of the class, as well as in the general profile of attention, with significantly higher values in the approach to team sports.
Numa sociedade que busca ser cada vez mais igualitária e justa, o desporto – uma das maiores agências culturais sociais – emerge como um importante catalizador da promoção da igualdade e a inclusão social. No mesmo sentido, as suas modalidades adaptadas contribuem para melhorar significativamente a funcionalidade, a autonomia social e a qualidade de vida das pessoas com incapacidade. Neste sentido, o objetivo principal do presente estudo foi verificar a incidência da prática do atletismo na integração social dos atletas de desporto adaptado. Participaram no estudo 5 atletas pertencentes ao Comité Paralímpico de Portugal, 4 homens e uma mulher, entre 28 e 46 anos (M = 37.20; DP = 7,30). A informação foi recolhida mediante entrevistas semi-estruturadas. A análise de conteúdo manifestou que a participação no desporto adaptado havia incrementado a autonomia e auto-confiança dos atletas, e havia-os ajudado a reconhecer as suas potencialidades, limitações e valores. Igualmente, a sua participação no desporto adaptado havia melhorado a sua integração social ao estimular e facilitar o seu envolvimento autónomo e ativo em distintos âmbitos da vida social.
Introduction: Sports practice provides not only physical but also psychological and social benefits. Objective: The subject of Adapted Sport is still very scarce and according to that in this study we evaluated and compared Self-Determined Motivation, Basic Psychological Needs, Life Satisfaction and Affects among Athletes of Adapted Sport and Regular Sport, in Handball and Basketball. Methodology: A total of 183 athletes (N = 183) participated in which 80 were athletes of adapted sports and the remaining 103 were regular athletes, aged between 16 and 69. We used four questionnaires that evaluate the variables described: Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ), Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale (BPNES), Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS) and Positive and Negative Affects Schedule (PANAS). Results: Our results were positive that sports practice has a significant positive effect on life satisfaction in regular athletes, who have more hours of weekly practice than athletes in adapted sports. We have proved the Auto-determination Theory, with the positive correlation obtained in the adapted sport athlete’s, between the autonomous motivation and the basic psychological needs, as well as the life satisfaction and the positive affections. We observed that basic psychological needs and positive affects were good predictors of life satisfaction in athletes of adapted sport. In terms of size effect magnitude of adapted sport practice, the number of years of practice showed a reduced to moderate effect in the variables under analysis.
The objective of this study was to encourage Rugby players to promote abilities in this sport, therefore we have evaluated the somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety and self-confidence values of U18 and U20 rugby athletes of the Portuguese Nationals Rugby Teams, who participated respectively in the U18 Elite European Championship and in the U20 Trophy World Rugby, comparing forwards and defenders. For data collection, we used the CSAI-2 which assesses cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence. The results showed more favourable average parameters for the group of athletes U20. However, there were only significant differences favourable to the U20 team in the domain of self-confidence, in a general level between teams and in the forward positions.
Introduction: The main purpose of this study was to have a comparison of the physical fitness levels and body mass index of students with urban and rural residence from an elementary school in Portugal. Methods: The sample covered 270 students, 142 male and 128 female, aged between 9 and 16, from the 5th to the 9th grade. The Fitnessgram test battery (NES, 2002) measured the physical fitness, the body mass index was based on the reference values from the World Health Organization (1995) and the students' characterization was assessed through the biographical archives given by the school. Results: The test results only demonstrated significant differences (p <0.05) amongst these students: Females in the 5th and 6th grade in the following tests, trunk extension with better results in students with rural residence and middle strenght with better results in students with urban residence; Males in the 5th and 6th grade in the following tests: the shuttle run with better results in students with rural residence; Females between 7th and 9th grade in the following tests: trunk extension with better results in students with urban residence. Conclusions: Significant differences were not observed between the levels of physical fitness and BMI related to the place of residence (rural and urban).
Several studies claim that the physical effort of students during the Physical Education classes (PE) is low. There is a lack of desirable intensity to cause adaptations and improvement of physical fitness. Purpose: In this study, we intend to analyse the average values of heart rate (HR) during different phases of the PE class, trying to identify possible differences between collective and individual sports (basketball and apparatus gymnastics). The sample consisted of a group of 15 students, 5 female and 10 male (15.2 ± 12:56 years) and the study was conducted over 10 sessions (5 of each type), registering values of HR (bpm) using HR monitors (Polar Electronic, FT1 model). Results: After exploratory data analysis there were significant differences in the transition phase (basketball: 146 ± 27.2 bpm, p = 0.001; apparatus gymnastics: 138.4 ± 25.8 bpm, p = 0.001) and the drilling stage (basketball: 151.2 ± 26.1 bpm, p = 0.000; gymnastics apparatus: 143.0 ± 27.0 bpm, p = 0.000). In the process of organizing, the differences were not significant (basketball: 136.8 ± 26.2 bpm, p = 0526; apparatus gymnastics: 132.3 ± 23.9 bpm, p = 0526). Conclusions: Having these results, we believe that PE teachers should plan sessions that provide increased uptime and higher levels of intensity for students, especially in periods of drilling, regardless of the class.
A atividade física e desportiva assume-se como um contexto de de- senvolvimento comportamental, cognitivo e social nas diversas idades. Atualmente é generalizada a prática de atividades físicas e desporti- vas por coletivos infantis e juvenis, ainda que, com uma preferência pela frequência nas modalidades, muito dependente da variável sexo. Todavia é frequente, os pais questionarem-se de qual a idade ideal para os filhos iniciarem determinadas práticas físicas e desportivas, ou mesmo qual o volume de horas de prática semanal, por forma a não prejudicarem o descanso, potenciando a formação dos mesmos Avaliou-se uma amostra de 531 alunos de ambos os sexos, entre os 8 e os 10 anos de idade, procedendo-se à estratificação do volume de horas semanais de atividade física e desportiva, assim como os níveis de auto- conceito através da aplicação da escala de autoconceito de Susan Harter. Os resultados evidenciaram diferenças significativas nas dimensões de competência escolar e comportamento, que surgem aparentemente beneficiadas com o incremento de horas semanais de atividade física e desportiva, observando-se a mesma tendência favorável na evolução do autoconceito global nos alunos que acumulam um volume de horas de prática semanal mais elevado.
Introduction: The Pilates exercise can be an improvement in the quality of life of its practitioners, through an
optimized condition of improvements in posture, developing greater mobility, balance, agility and functionality.
The satisfaction with life is part of a cognitive dimension in this quality of life and it is present in most measures
of well-being. Problem Statement and Approach: The main purpose of this study is to analyse and relate the
effects of a supervised program of Pilates classes in a group of elderly, comparing the results of balance through the Berg scale and their ability by the Leighton scale, and relate these improvements with the satisfaction with life of these elderly in this activity. Material and Methods:The evaluation assessments of the elderly were carried out in the proper room, using a goniometer and the Berg scale for articular measurements, the Leighton scale for the balance domain and the life satisfaction scale. The study had 72 participants, 52 women and 20 men aged between 60 and 83 years (M=66.70±SD=6.84). Participants had 30-minute Pilates sessions each twice a week for a 12-month period, after which the life satisfaction questionnaire was applied. Results: Better results were achieved in balance and articular ampleness parameters in these participants, with some significant improvements and magnitudes of effect size with quite satisfactory results after the second evaluation. The values obtained for life satisfaction were considered quite satisfactory in women with a final average of 5.24, and in men with an average value of 4.9 on a scale between 1 and 7. Discussion: Other studies have showed that welfare levels tend to be higher in the male gender, making them have higher life satisfaction averages than women, not reported in our study, however with a value considered satisfactory. Conclusions: The Pilates programme implemented showed very favourable values, with gains in all the assessments analysed, where this elderly group showed a very good life satisfaction allied to the improvements found in functional ability.
O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se existem diferenças na aptidão física (ApF) e no desenvolvimento cognitivo em idosos, comparando 2 grupos com diferentes níveis de atividade física supervisionada (AFS). Participaram no estudo 18 idosos (83,78±4.055 anos), de ambos os sexos, divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com a frequência da AFS. O grupo A, composto por 9 idosos praticantes de AFS, duas vezes por semana e o grupo B constituído por 9 idosos praticantes de AFS, 3 ou mais vezes por semana. Para caracterizar o nível de AF, foi aplicada uma adaptação do questionário de Telama et al. (1997). Avaliámos a ApF através do Functional Physical Fitness (Rikli & Jones, 1999), e os aspetos cognitivos através do Mini Mental State Examination, do Trail Making Test parte A e do D2 Test (Concentration Index). Os dados obtidos foram tratados com S.P.S.S. versão 23.0. Foi verificada a distribuição da normalidade dos dados (Shapiro-Wilk). Nenhuma das variáveis apresentou distribuição normal, sendo aplicado o teste de MannWhitney.
O grupo B obteve diferenças estatisticamente (p≤0,05) e resultados mais favoráveis nas variáveis "Alcançar atrás costas", "Dois minutos Step", "Trail Making Test part A" e "Concentration Index". Comparando os dois grupos de idosos ao nível da ApF e desenvolvimento cognitivo, existem apenas diferenças significativas na flexibilidade dos membros superiores, na aptidão cardiorrespiratória, na velocidade e atenção psicomotoras e no índice de concentração.
Em termos de práticas de ensino, a prática pedagógica supervisionada, é efetivamente uma sólida estratégia de formação, onde a competência dos formadores supervisores e o tipo de relações supervisivas que se estabelecem neste processo são determinantes. Os autores abordados consideram que o processo de Supervisão pode ser considerado como um processo de resolução de problemas, em que o observador e o observado desenvolvem formas de resolução de tarefas através de estratégias técnico-didáticas adequadas num contexto afetivo-relacional adequado envolvido numa atmosfera favorável. São vários os fatores que determinam e influenciam diretamente o ensino da natação: A relação professor-aluno em natação depende da sua capacidade ou habilidade em comunicar com os seus alunos; Criar um ambiente seguro, com um domínio exímio dos conteúdos técnicos, uma estratégia de ensino adequada a cada situação de aprendizagem são a chave para o tipo de trabalho que se pretende em natação.
A modalidade específica da natação requer procedimentos e intervenções específicas que se prendem essencialmente com a transição para o meio aquático, ou seja, dotando os professores de capacidades interventivas na modalidade, cujos padrões técnicos e metodologias de ensino se tornam necessárias para dominar e promover um ensino de sucesso.
Rink hockey like any other team sport game is necessary to have a mastery of the game object "the ball" and for this it is necessary that athletes do not have a deficient training steps in that process, because it is during their development, that the athlete is in an optimal situation to improve on this aspect of the game. The study objective was to identify which game model allows young athletes to have a greater number of interactions with the ball in rink hockey in the levels of “Under 8” and “Under 10”.
Our study sample consisted of 24 games: 8 games in the 3x3 model; 8 games in the 4x4 model and 8 games in the 5x5 model. The 24 matches are equally divided by the levels of Under 8 and Under 10 with a total of 88 children participating. For data collection instrument we used the deferred observation method where we proceeded to a descriptive analysis of the data to find the means, standard deviation and totals of: Shots, Passes, Interceptions and Goals. The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons and for correlations, the Spearman's Test was used to verify whether as the playing area available to the player increased, the player's actions increased as well. The 3x3 model obtained a total of 911 actions, the 4x4 model obtained 923 and the 5x5 game model obtained 799 game actions. The 4x4 game model obtained the highest total number of game actions in all levels analysed suggesting that the implementation of this model brings benefits to the athletes.
A prática desportiva por atletas veteranos é uma realidade evidente e com perspetivas de expansão. Objetivou-se determinar variáveis preditivas de bem-estar subjetivo em atletas veteranos, atendendo à teoria da autodeterminação. Elaborou-se um modelo de equação estrutural e um modelo de mediação. Participaram 840 atletas veteranos portugueses, entre os 30 e os 76 anos (M=42.54 DT=7.28). Utilizou-se o Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale (Moutão, Cid, Alves, Leitão e Vlachopoulos, 2012), o Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (Monteiro, Moutão e Cid, 2018), a Escala de Afetos Positivos e Negativos (Galinha e Pais-Ribeiro, 2005) e a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida (Neto, 1993). O modelo mostrou os seguintes índices de ajuste: χ2 = 674.554, p < 0.001, χ2/fd = 4.08, CFI = 0.94; IFI = 0.94; TLI = 0.92; GFI = 0.92; RMSEA = 0.062; SRMR = 0.061. Nos aletas veteranos, a perceção de satisfação da necessidade psicológica básica de autonomia leva a comportamentos motivados autonomamente, promovendo estes, níveis mais elevados de bem-estar subjetivo. A motivação autónoma revelou-se uma variável mediadora significativa entre a necessidade psicológica básica de autonomia e a produção de afetos positivos. Registaram-se ainda efeitos indiretos da variável mediadora sobre as variáveis de satisfação com a vida e afetos negativos, assim como, efeitos diretos e totais da variável independente e as variáveis de consequência em análise.
Introduction: Rink hockey motor learning and control needs deeply study to promote specific motor skills
acquisition and knowledge about the game interaction. The complexity of the game suggest the fragmentation to increase the opportunities of interaction among young athletes. Problem Statement and Approach: The
objective of this study was to analyse which game model allows for young goalkeepers to have more
interventions with the ball and, consequently, a greater number of interactions on the game. Material and
Methods: Our study consisted of 24 games analysed, divided in: 8 games in the 3x3model; 8 games in the
4x4model and 8 games in the 5x5 model. The 24 matches were equally divided in the levels of under 8 and
under 10 years of age, with a total sample of 88 children. For data collection instrument we used the deferred
observation method where we proceeded to a descriptive analysis of the data to find the means, standard
deviation and totals of Goalkeeper’s Interventions (GKI). Comparisons were made between game models and
athlete’s levels, using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal -Wallis tests. Results: The results showed that, after the
analysis of the total game actions, the 3x3 game model obtained a total of 168 GI actions (21±3,5; p=0,021), the 4x4 model obtained 132(16,50±5,18; p=0,020) and the 5x5 game model obtained 123GI actions(11±2,61;
p=0,083). Discussion: According to the results, it was verified that there are statistically significant differences
between the 3x3 game and the 5x5 game in the “Under 8” and when compared the small-sided game 4x4 to the formal game 5x5 in the “Under 10 level” in the games analysed we perceive that the small-sided game brings more actions to the game, namely in the actions that the goalkeepers show. Conclusions: The 3x3 game model obtained the highest number of goalkeeper’s actions in both under(and under10, suggesting benefits for
improving the technical demands of these young rink hockey goalkeepers.
O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar preditores motivacionais de bem-estar subjetivo em adultos ativos praticantes de ginásio, tendo por base a teoria da autodeterminação. Participaram neste estudo 348 sujeitos, 174 de ambos os sexos, entre 18 e 67 anos (M=31.83 DP=12.86), com 4.37 anos de média de prática de atividades de ginásio, maioritariamente a treinar 3 vezes por semana, com 310.11 minutos médios semanais. Utilizou-se a escala das necessidades psicológicas básicas no exercício, o questionário de regulação comportamental no exercício, a escala de satisfação com a vida e a escala de afetos positivos e negativos. Elaborou-se uma estatística descritiva, correlação de Spearman e regressão linear por blocos. Os valores médios mais elevados foram registados na necessidade psicológica básica de autonomia, na motivação autónoma e na satisfação com a vida. Registaram-se correlações positivas entre as necessidades psicológicas básicas, motivação autónoma, satisfação com a vida, afetos positivos e o volume de minutos de treino semanal. Observaram-se igualmente correlações positivas entre a motivação controlada, amotivação e afetos negativos. A análise de regressão linear permitiu- nos verificar que as necessidades psicológicas básicas explicam um valor percentual mais elevado a variabilidade dos dados da satisfação com a vida e afetos positivos, comparativamente com a motivação.
Abstract: The regular practice of physical exercise has a positive role on mental health and a positive contribution to the development of cognitive function, considered beneficial to academic performance. The present study aimed to analyse the impact of physical exercise on students' academic performance. 227 students participated, of which 112 (49.3%) were male and 115 (50.6%) were female, aged between 10 and 13 years old, from 5th and 6th grades in a Portuguese public school. The Susan Harter Self-Concept Scale validated for the Portuguese population was used, and a descriptive and inferential analysis of the data was conducted to analyse the levels of handgrip strength, aerobic capacity and academic performance. Linear regression analysis was used to interpret the predictive variables and we calculated the magnitude of the effect. The results suggest that the practice of physical exercise enhances the levels of aerobic capacity, handgrip strength and academic performance of students. In addition to physical education classes, the individual sports combined with the team sports present very positive values in relation to the variables described.
Pretende-se identificar os tipos de necessidades mais frequentes e prioritárias das famílias cabo-verdianas de crianças com Necessidades Educativas incluídas num agrupamento de escolas e analisar de que forma as características destas famílias (composição do agregado familiar, situação familiar, situação laboral e idade dos pais) se relacionam com as suas necessidades (Necessidades de Informação, de Apoio, Explicar aos Outros, Serviços da Comunidade, Financeiras e Funcionamento da Vida Familiar). Participaram 6 famílias cabo-verdianas. Os instrumentos usados foram dois questionários: um sobre as necessidades das famílias e uma ficha de caraterização da criança e família. Os resultados mostram que quase todas as categorias de necessidades são mais frequentes nestas famílias dado que selecionaram preferencialmente a opção 3 (Necessito deste tipo de ajuda) para as Necessidades de Informação, de Apoio, Financeiras, Serviços da Comunidade e Explicar aos Outros. As necessidades mais prioritárias centram-se nas Necessidades de Informação, de Apoio, Financeiras e Serviços da Comunidade. Quanto à relação entre as características das famílias com as necessidades constatou-se que o tipo de necessidades preferencialmente escolhidas nem sempre foi influenciado pelas suas características.
The purpose of this study was to compare measures of anthropometry characteristics and physical fitness performance between rugby union players (17.9 ± 0.5 years old) recruited (n = 39) and non-recruited (n = 145) to the Portuguese under-19 (U19) national team, controlling for their playing position (forwards or backs). Standardized anthropometric, physical, and performance assessment tests included players’ body mass and height, push up and pull-up test, squat test, sit- and-reach test, 20 m shuttle run test, flexed arm hang test, Sargent test, handgrip strength test, Illinois agility test, and 20-m and 50-m sprint test. Results showed that recruited forwards players had better agility scores (p = 0.02, ES = −0.55) than the non-recruited forwards, whereas recruited backs players had higher right (p < 0.01, ES = 0.84) and left (p = 0.01, ES = 0.74) handgrip strength scores than their counterparts. Logistic regression showed that better agility (for the forwards) and right handgrip strength scores (for the backs) were the only variables significantly associated with an increased likelihood of being recruited to the national team. In sum, these findings suggest that certain well- developed physical qualities, namely, agility for the forwards players and upper-body strength for the back players, partially explain the selection of U19 rugby players to their national team.
The practice of sports by veteran athletes is a reality with an expansion perspective. The objective was to determine predictive variables of healthy lifestyles and satisfaction with life in veteran athletes, according to the Self-determination Theory (SDT). A structural equation model and a mediation model has developed. The number of participants were 680 Portuguese veteran athletes, aged between 30 and 90 years old (M=43.78 DT=8.61). The Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale, the Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire, the Healthy Lifestyles Questionnaire and the Life Satisfaction Scale were used. This model has shown the following adjustments indices: ÷2 = 729.116, p < .001, ÷2/df = 4.41, CFI = .92; IFI = .92; TLI = .91; GFI = .91; RMSEA = .068; SRMR = .064. As a conclusion, in veteran athletes, the perception of satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, leads to autonomously motivated behaviours, promoting better eating and resting habits, as well as high satisfaction with life, and a lower consumption of tobacco. Autonomous motivation has not proved to be a significant mediating variable between the basic psychological need for autonomy, lifestyles and satisfaction with life.
Background: The importance of physical activity in the first months of age is well known, however, with the evolution of the urban environment, the excessive workload of parents and the excessive time in growing up in kindergartens has limited this same free practice and little has been studied about this issue. In Portugal, there are institutions that provide oriented physical activity for their children, however, this is optional, which may create disadvantages in children’s motor skills in these ages.
Objective: The objective of the study isto verify if there are differences in the development of motor skills (global and fine) comparing children between 12 and 48 months who practice oriented physical activity (OPA) and children who do not.
Methods: Participated in this study, 400 children of both genders (28.14 ± 7.23 months). Two groups were created (the group that had oriented physical activity (30 min long and 2 times a week) and the group that didn’t have oriented physical activity). For a better understanding they were divided into 3 age groups (12–23, 24–35 and 36–48 months). Motor skills were assessed using the PDMS-2 scales, for 6 months, following the instrument’s application standards.
Results: In a first analysis, we found that the majority of children only start to practice oriented physical activity in institutions from 36 months of age, however, it is in the first months (from 12 to 35) that the greatest differences between the two groups can occur. The OPA group presented better results according to the mean values, in all motor skills. Differences between groups were most noticeable in Postural, locomotion and fine manipulation Skills (showing effect size: moderate and low).
Conclusions: We can conclude that a practice of oriented physical activity in the first 48 months is fundamental to the development of motor skills. It is in the first months (up to 36) that there are greater differences, but it is also where there are less children carrying out guided physical activity. This is an important factor, and is determinant to make institutions aware of this importance of this variable in child development.
BACKGROUND: Measuring the functional fitness is essential to provide a working basis for assessing and prescribing exercises. There is a special interest in developing procedures and tests able to provide reliable information and general vocabulary for researchers and practitioners. We intend with this study to analyze the functional fitness of different groups of institutionalized elderly of both genders, relating it with their nutritional status. METHODS: A sample of 46 participants, 31 males and 15 females aged between 65 to 93. For this investigation, the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was used in order to categorize the nutritional status with a Mediterranean diet that was used. For the assessment of the functional fitness, it the battery Fullerton Functional Fitness Test (FFFT) developed in 1999 by Rikli and Jones was used. RESULTS: We found that the elderly who maintained a diet divided into seven meals had more favorable values in all categories of the battery tests with significant differences. We also found that the nutritional status of the elderly and the number of meals is statistically significant in tasks measuring strength, agility and aerobic capacity. CONCLUSIONS: The elderly with normal nutritional status have better performance in the battery tasks, particularly those who choose the diet divided into seven daily meals. The Mediterranean Diet used seems to be favorable in this population, in both genders and it promotes the maintenance of their physical abilities.
The study was initiated because one of the authors had a child in the family with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The author was concerned about what could be done to improve the quality of life of this child. The hypotheses explored whether hydrotherapy could bring any relief or advantage in functional mobility to an individual with DMD and whether a water environment facilitates mobility, pleasure, and joy for a young child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Our sample had three individuals, all of them boys, 9-11 years of age. Two were the control group and didn’t practice any kind of physical activity and the other one was our two-year longitudinal case study during which he experienced hydrotherapy practice two times a week for forty-five minutes each. We applied the Egen Klassifikation (EK) scale to quantify the degree of movement limitation present at each of five measurement points over the two years. The variables analyzed were the physical activity issues and the EK scale values. The descriptive results showed that all three individuals increased their EK scale values over time, showing the inevitable progression of the disease. The individual who participated in the water activity sessions had the slower increase that we inferred, meant less deterioration in functional movement. No inferences can be drawn from these limited data, especially because only one individual experienced the water activities. This study does provide the impetus for subsequent, larger controlled studies to see if they could replicate these initial case study results.
Considerando que a prática de hidroginástica pode contribuir para um envelhecimento mais ativo e saudável. O estudo teve como objetivo conhecer o impacto das aulas de hidroginástica frequentadas ao longo de 4 meses na aptidão física dos idosos. A amostra foi constituída por 83 idosos, utentes das aulas de hidroginástica e foi dividida em 3 grupos tendo em conta o número de aulas frequentadas (Menos de 15; 15 a 25; mais de 25). Para a recolha de dados usamos a bateria de testes Funcional Fitness Test (Rikli & Jones, 1999). A aptidão física foi avaliada pelo investigador seguindo o protocolo de provas, sendo os testes aplicados numa sala adequada para o efeito e pela mesma ordem nos dois momentos (início e final do estudo com um intervalo de 4 meses). Quanto às provas estatísticas, não se verificando uma distribuição normal dos dados, aplicamos o teste não paramétrico para duas variáveis emparelhadas de Wilcoxon que nos permitiu verificar as diferenças entre os dois momentos de avaliação. Os resultados revelaram melhorias em praticamente todos os testes entre a 1ª e a 2ª avaliação. No teste levantar e sentar na cadeira o nº de repetições passou de 13,40 para 14,43, no teste flexão do antebraço passou de 18,24 repetições para 18,92, no teste sentado e alcançar a média apesar de ser negativa, passou de -5,47 cm para -3,46, no teste sentado, caminhar 2,44 metros e voltar a sentar passou de 6,40 segundos para 6,31, no teste, alcançar atrás das costas passou de -17,07 cm para -15,61cm. Encontramos melhorias estatisticamente significativas no teste levantar e sentar na cadeira (sig. = 0,011), no teste sentado e alcançar (sig. = 0,001) e no teste alcançar atrás das costas (sig. = 0,001). O número de aulas frequentadas ao longo dos 4 meses entre os grupos não se mostrou diferenciadora para a melhoria obtida. O 1º grupo apresentou melhorias significativas em 3 provas (levantar e sentar na cadeira (sig. = 0,006), no teste sentado e alcançar (sig. = 0,004) e no teste alcançar atrás das costas (sig. = 0,002)).O 2º grupo apresentou melhorias significativas apenas numa prova (alcançar atrás das costas (sig. = 0,023)) e o 3º grupo apresentou melhorias significativas apenas numa prova (sentado e alcançar (sig. = 0,002)). Conclusões: prática de hidroginástica teve um impacto positivo na melhoria dos resultados da aptidão física nos idosos e o número de aulas frequentado não se mostrou diferenciador nos resultados obtidos.
With the increase of life expectancy associated to the need for a healthy lifestyle, there has been an increase in the number of persons involved in veterans' sports activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of self-determination for sports practice and subjective well-being in veteran athletes, depending on the different type of sports practiced. For data collection, the validated Portuguese versions of the Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale (BPNES), the Behaviour Regulation Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the Positive and Negative Affects Scale (PANAS) were used. The study sample consisted of 684 Portuguese veterans athletes of both genders, aged between 30 and 90 years (M = 43.78 SD = 8.61), of which 86.3% (590 individuals) of the male gender and 13,7% (94 individuals) of the female gender, mostly with 3 to 5 hours of training per week, with 19.5±12.2 years of practice, competitors in several individual sports (43%), team sports (37%) and individual and teams sports (20%). Veteran athletes are highly satisfied with basic psychological needs. When compared, athletes who practice individual sports and simultaneously individual and team sports differ significantly in the autonomous, controlled and amotivation compared to athletes who only practice team sports, as well as in positive and negative effects.
Introduction: Athletics is an important sport because it offers a determining basic preparation for other different sports (Sampaio, 2010). Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the motivations that led athletes to practice athletics and to know if the fact that lived in different country regions influences these motivations. The participants were 184 federated athletes from 5 different zones of Portugal (Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Leiria, Santarém and Setúbal). Methodology: To understand the motivations that lead athletes to
practice athletics, the questionnaire EMI-2 (Exercise Motivation Inventory version 2 of Markland and Hardy (1993), translated for the Portuguese population by Alves and Lourenço (2003) was applied and were collected during the national championship. For statistical purposes we used descriptive statistics, arithmetic mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics, with the application of One-Way Anova and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: The results showed that the Psychological and Physical Condition motives were the most
valued, while the Health and Body Related motives were the least valued by the athletes belonging to the different regions. As for the results of the means, only statistically significant differences were found in the physical fitness motives, more valued by athletes from the regions of Setúbal and Santarém and less valued from the athletes of Coimbra e Castelo Branco. Conclusions: The conclusions showed some uniformity in the importance attributed to the reasons that led the athletes to choose athletics as a federated sports practice.
This study intends to determine and relate the effects of a program of Pilates sessions in elderly women, comparing balance assessments by the Berg scale and physical mobility with the scale of Leighton for articular ampleness. Elderly evaluation was conducted by using a universal goniometer, the Berg scale, the Leighton scale and data collection was performed in two different moments. This study had 52 elderly women aged between 60 and 83 years. The participants had Pilates sessions of 30 minutes each, twice a week, for 6 months. The statistical analysis used were descriptive based on mean and standard deviation, statistical inference by applying the Wilcoxon and the effect size by Cohen’s d where we observed an increase in balance parameters and articular mobility of elderly practitioners, with improvements from considered “average” in the first evaluation to “above average” in the second evaluation. The implemented Pilates program proved to be extremely favourable, with significant improvements in all analysed variables with intermediate and large effect sizes.
This study aims to verify the impact of physical activity on the physical fitness of elderly. The sample consisted of 348 elderly individuals aged between 61 and 97 years, divided into 2 groups (254 practitioners of Physical Activity and 94 non-practitioners). From the first group 48 practice hydrogymnastics and 206 practice gymnastics. Physical fitness was assessed following the test protocol of the Senior Fitness Test battery (Rikli & Jones, 2001). In addition to descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov Smirnov, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis statistical tests were used with comparisons by pairs. The results allowed to identify that in each and every one of the tests of functional physical fitness there are statistically differences between practitioners and non- practitioners of PA, with mean averages significantly higher by the practitioners. The practice of any of these activities (Hydrogymnastics and Gymnastics) reveals significant differences with the group of non-practitioners, and the means obtained in any of the physical fitness tests of the two groups of practice much superiors compared to the non- practitioners. There are also significant differences between Hydogymnastic and Gymnastics practitioners in the test sitting, walking 2.44 m and sitting again, and walking for 6 minutes, where the gymnastic practitioners obtained better results in both tests.
Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto da prática de atividade física (AF) na aptidão física funcional de idosos. A amostra, constituída por 348 idosos com idades compreendidas entre 61 e 97 anos de idade foi dividida em 2 grupos (254 praticantes de AF e 94 não praticantes de AF). A aptidão física foi avaliada seguindo o protocolo de testes da bateria de testes Senior Fitness Test (Rikli & Jones, 2001). Para além de estatística descritiva, foram utilizados os métodos estatísticos de Kolmogorov Smirnov, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal Wallis. Os resultados permitiram identificar diferenças estatisticamente muito significativas entre praticantes e não praticantes de AF. Os praticantes de AF apresentam médias significativamente superiores aos não praticantes. A prática de qualquer uma das modalidades (Hidroginástica, Ginástica) produz diferenças muito significativas para com o grupo de não praticantes, sendo as médias obtidas em qualquer um dos testes de aptidão física dos dois grupos de prática muito superiores ás do grupo de não praticantes. Verificam-se, ainda, diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os praticantes de Hidroginástica e de Ginástica nos testes Sentado, caminhar 2,44 m e voltar a sentar e Caminhar 6 minutos, obtendo os praticantes de ginástica sénior melhores médias nestes dois testes.
Introduction: Ataxia affects the nervous system by decreasing balance and coordination most mostly in the trunk, arms and
legs. Physical activity is used to help lowering the symptoms of this disease. Objective: The study objective aims to determine the effects
of an exercise program intervention focused on quality of life of this person in terms of body composition, hemodynamic parameters and
functional capacity. Methods: A Longitudinal study-case with the exercise sessions performed in a gymnasium with a specialized
Personal Trainer. A 43 years old male individual with motor ataxia as participated with a pre and post-test assessments with an exercise
program comprised sessions twice a week of 30 minutes each, for 6 months, focused on cardio-fitness, strength and body stabilization.
The Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia was applied to evaluate Gait, Stance, Sitting, Finger Chase, Nose-finger Test, Fast
alternating hand movements and Heel-chin slide, and the program SPSS (v20) to present descriptive statistics to express the participant’s
improvements. Results: This study indicates that rehabilitation can improve health, well-being and life quality improvements in
individuals with ataxia, however, a larger study is required to have analyse if these variables would suffer significant changes in all
participants. Besides the improvements in body composition and blood pressure, benefits in all variables of SARA scale were observed,
except in «Sitting» were the value remained unchanged. Conclusions: This type of exercise programme intervention can promote capacity
and health-related quality of life. This study provides evidence for maintaining physical activity programs in patients with ataxia.
O modelo de jogo (MJ) no futebol, reveste-se de grande complexidade e é constituído por grande quantidade de subvariáveis, que por sua vez se estruturam em diferentes dimensões, categorias e subcategorias. No presente artigo vamos fazer uma abordagem teórica sobre o modelo de jogo no futebol, apresentando as partes constituintes que o caracterizam, e também, chamar a atenção para a sua plasticidade e dinâmica, que permite que se vá ajustando e modificando durante os anos de formação de acordo com a idade dos atletas. A evolução do modelo de jogo permite aos jovens jogadores a modificação de comportamentos, para níveis de complexidade cada vez mais elevados respondendo de forma eficaz às necessidades do jogo e às suas próprias necessidades.
O Basquetebol em Cadeira de Rodas (BCR) é uma modalidade de esforço intermitente, onde se considera a resistência como a capacidade motora mais importante, associada à realização de esforços intensos de forma repetida, durante um período prolongado. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar o nível das capacidades físicas dos atletas da Seleção Nacional de Basquetebol em Cadeira de Rodas. Assim, examinamos na prática desportiva adaptada a velocidade, resistência, agilidade, potencia de membros superiores e preensão manual, no processo de desenvolvimento individual do atleta. A nossa amostra foi constituída por 14 atletas de Desporto Adaptado, com idades compreendidas entre os 19 e os 40 anos. Através da aplicação de vários testes físicos, recolhemos a informação definida pelo nosso modelo de análise. Podemos concluir que comparativamente com outros estudos observamos que há diferenças significativas em todos dos testes realizados quer seja de agilidade, velocidade, potencia e resistencia, uma vez que a amostra do nosso estudo eram atletas de elite da Seleção Nacional de BCR.
Introduction: Physical activity among children and adolescents remains insufficient, despite the substantial efforts made by researchers and policymakers. Identifying and furthering our understanding of potential modifiable determinants of physical activity behaviour (PAB) and sedentary behaviour (SB) is crucial for the development of interventions that promote a shift from SB to PAB. The current protocol details the process through which a series of systematic literature reviews (SLRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) will be conducted to produce a best-evidence statement (BESt) and inform policy makers. The overall aim is to identify modifiable determinants that are associated with changes in PAB and SB in children and adolescents (aged 5-19 years) and to quantify their effect on, or association with, PAB/SB.
