Prevalência de Legionella em sistemas de água das regiões sul, centro e norte de Portugal: janeiro de 2016 a maio de 2019
Type
masterThesis
Identifier
202496821
Title
Prevalência de Legionella em sistemas de água das regiões sul, centro e norte de Portugal: janeiro de 2016 a maio de 2019
Contributor
Pintado, Cristina Maria Baptista Santos
Lopes, Vítor Manuel Amaro Barata
Lopes, Vítor Manuel Amaro Barata
Subject
Legionella
Legionella pneumophila
Sistemas de água
Prevenção e controlo
Portugal
Water circuits
Prevention and control
Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Agrárias
Legionella pneumophila
Sistemas de água
Prevenção e controlo
Portugal
Water circuits
Prevention and control
Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Agrárias
Date
2020-07-02T14:17:11Z
2020-07-02T14:17:11Z
2020
2020-07-02T14:17:11Z
2020
Description
Legionella pneumophila é uma bactéria patogénica com a capacidade de infetar o Homem causando dois tipos de doença, Febre de Pontiac e Doença dos Legionários. Este é um microrganismo cujo habitat natural são os sistemas de água, sistemas esses onde tem uma elevadíssima capacidade de sobrevivência e proliferação quando se encontram reunidas as condições adequadas. Muitas vezes as condições de que necessita para se multiplicar e atingir um elevado nível de virulência, são condições a que, facilmente, o ser humano está exposto. Este eleva o risco de exposição ao agente patogénico.
Tendo em conta que esta bactéria deve ser alvo de preocupação, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar, numa primeira fase, uma revisão bibliografia acerca das suas características, apresentar alguns surtos que aconteceram no nosso país e referir medidas preventivas para combater a probabilidade de infeção. Na segunda parte deste documento, foram referidos os procedimentos necessários para efetuar recolhas de amostras de água para deteção de Legionella e posteriormente também foi mencionado o protocolo utilizado em laboratório para tratamento da amostra. Por fim, foram apresentados os resultados de um levantamento de amostras que foram analisadas entre o ano de 2016 e maio de 2019. Para realizar este estudo foram tratadas 1394 amostra pertencentes a 97 clientes. Dessas 1394 amostras, 24 deram resultado positivo para Legionella pneumophila serogrupo 1, 16 para Legionella pneumophila serogrupo 2-15 e 6 para Legionella spp.
Neste estudo concluiu-se que a maior prevalência de Legionella foi em água de consumo humano, isto é, em água proveniente de chuveiros e/ou torneiras, o que revela ser um grande problema visto serem ambientes amplamente distribuídos.
Abstract : Legionella pneumophila is a pathogenic bacteria which has the ability to infect humans, causing two types of diseases: PontiacFever and Legionnaires Disease. The natural habitat of this microorganism are the water circuits, where this type of pathogen present an enormous capacity to survive and proliferate when adequate conditions are met. The human being is often exposed to those conditions, where Legionella easily multiplies and reaches an high level of virulence, thereby increasing the risk of exposure to this pathogenic agent. Taking into account the pathogenicity of this bacteria, the present work had the main purpose of, in the first part: (i) presenting a bibliographic review about the characteristics of Legionella; (ii) report some outbreaks that happened in our country; (iii) and highlight some preventive measures to decrease the probability of infection. In the second part of this thesis were described the methods used to collect the samples of water for the detection of Legionella, and the protocol used for the sample treatment in the laboratory was also mentioned. In the third part were reported the results of the samples analysed between the year of 2016 and may of 2019, consisting of 1394 samples taken from 97 clients. It was verified that from those 1394 samples: 24 showed a positive result for Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1; 16 for Legionella pneumophila serogroup 2-15; and 6 for Legionella spp. With this study it is possible to conclude that the highest prevalence of Legionella was found in the water used for human consumption, including the water coming from the showers and/or taps, which reveals to be very problematic as those are widely distributed environments.
Abstract : Legionella pneumophila is a pathogenic bacteria which has the ability to infect humans, causing two types of diseases: PontiacFever and Legionnaires Disease. The natural habitat of this microorganism are the water circuits, where this type of pathogen present an enormous capacity to survive and proliferate when adequate conditions are met. The human being is often exposed to those conditions, where Legionella easily multiplies and reaches an high level of virulence, thereby increasing the risk of exposure to this pathogenic agent. Taking into account the pathogenicity of this bacteria, the present work had the main purpose of, in the first part: (i) presenting a bibliographic review about the characteristics of Legionella; (ii) report some outbreaks that happened in our country; (iii) and highlight some preventive measures to decrease the probability of infection. In the second part of this thesis were described the methods used to collect the samples of water for the detection of Legionella, and the protocol used for the sample treatment in the laboratory was also mentioned. In the third part were reported the results of the samples analysed between the year of 2016 and may of 2019, consisting of 1394 samples taken from 97 clients. It was verified that from those 1394 samples: 24 showed a positive result for Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1; 16 for Legionella pneumophila serogroup 2-15; and 6 for Legionella spp. With this study it is possible to conclude that the highest prevalence of Legionella was found in the water used for human consumption, including the water coming from the showers and/or taps, which reveals to be very problematic as those are widely distributed environments.
Access restrictions
restrictedAccess
Language
por
Comments
