Type
masterThesis
Creator
Identifier
201679531
Title
Técnicas de manutenção do solo na cultura do dióspiro
Contributor
Simões, Maria Paula Albuquerque Figueiredo
Luz, João Pedro Martins da
Luz, João Pedro Martins da
Subject
Dióspiro
Infestante
Controlo
Persimmon
Weed
Control
Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Agrárias
Infestante
Controlo
Persimmon
Weed
Control
Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Agrárias
Date
2017-03-17T00:13:21Z
2017-03-17T00:13:21Z
2016
2017-03-17T00:13:21Z
2016
Description
A pressão das infestantes num pomar pode interferir no ótimo desenvolvimento do mesmo, competindo com a cultura arbórea pelo espaço, nutrientes, água e radiação solar. No ciclo 2015 da cultura do dióspiro levou-se a cabo, na Herdade do Couto da Várzea em Idanha-a-Nova, um estudo relacionado com as técnicas de manutenção do solo na tentativa de averiguar qual a técnica que melhor se adapta à cultura.
O estudo incidiu sobre quatro modalidades. Na modalidade Testemunha realizaram-se cortes ocasionais da vegetação. A modalidade com Herbicida consistiu na aplicação de herbicida, sendo que numa primeira aplicação se utilizou o diflufenicão + 160 g/L glifosato (Zarpa) e na segunda aplicação com o herbicida 360 g/L glifosato (Touchdown Premium). Nas duas técnicas de cobertura do solo utilizou-se a manta Ecoblancket, Modalidade com Manta e a tela anti-crescimento de ervas de cor preta na modalidade com Tela.
Para se averiguar qual o efeito de cada uma destas modalidades recorreu-se à 1) monitorização da temperatura do solo com o auxílio de um termógrafo que registou semanalmente as temperaturas do solo a 5 cm de profundidade nas modalidades com Herbicida, com Manta e com Tela; 2) estado nutricional das plantas; 3) controlo das infestantes mediante uma avaliação, por estimativa visual, da percentagem total de cobertura do solo e a correspondente à ocupação de cada uma das espécies de infestantes na modalidade Testemunha e na modalidade com Herbicida; e ainda ao 4) desenvolvimento vegetativo da cultura com a medição da AST em todas as modalidades.
Em suma, a modalidade que obteve melhores resultados ao nível da temperatura do solo foi a modalidade com Manta pois permitiu uma menor oscilação de temperaturas. Nutricionalmente, houve diferenças entre as técnicas em relação ao N, K e Mn, apesar de não se ter conseguido concluir qual a técnica que maior influente teve neste parâmetro. Não obstante, no controlo das infestantes com aplicação de herbicida, existe a necessidade de se repetir a aplicação assim que a ação do herbicida comece a perder efeito, enquanto a cobertura do solo tem um efeito mais contínuo. O efeito destas técnicas foi notório no desenvolvimento vegetativo da cultura, observando-se que as técnicas de solo coberto favorecem melhor o crescimento das plantas pois evitam a competição e mantem condições de temperatura e humidade ótimas para o desenvolvimento da planta.
Abstract : Weeds pressure on an orchard can interfere with its optimal development, due to competition with the arboreal culture for space, nutrients, water and solar radiation. In 2015, a persimmon culture study was conducted in Herdade do Couto da Várzea, Idanha-a-Nova, adressing the soil maintenance in na attempt to investigate which technique is the most suitable for the culture. The investigation focused on four modalities. In the control modality, the vegetation underwent occasional cuts. The herbicide modality consisted on the herbicide application, with the use of diflufenican + 160 g/L glyphosate (Zarpa) on the first application, and herbicide 360 g/L glyphosate (Touchdown Premium) on the second. On the soil covering techniques, the Ecoblancket in the blanket modality was used and the weeds anti-growth screen in the screen modality. In order to investigate the effect of each of these modalities, the following procedures were executed: 1) soil tempereture monitoring with the aid of a thermography that weekly registered the soil temperature at 5 cm deep in the herbicide, blancket and screen modalities; 2) plants’ nutritional conditions; 3) weeds control evaluation using visual estimation of the soil coverage percentage and the correspondent to the occupation of each weed species in the control and herbicide modalities; 4) plant development culture with AST measurement in all of the modalities. In short, the modality with the best results regarding soil temperature was the blancket modality, because it allows minor temperature variations. In the matter of the nutrients, there were differences between the techniques in respect of the N, K and Mn, although it isn’t clear which technique had more influence in this parameter. Despite the weed control with the herbicide application, it is necessary to repeat the application once the herbicide action starts to loose effect, whereas the soil coverage has a continuous effect. The effect of these techniques was notorious on the plant development culture, showing that the covered soil techniques favour the plants’ growth because they avoid the competition and keep the optimal temperature and humidity conditions to the plant development.
Abstract : Weeds pressure on an orchard can interfere with its optimal development, due to competition with the arboreal culture for space, nutrients, water and solar radiation. In 2015, a persimmon culture study was conducted in Herdade do Couto da Várzea, Idanha-a-Nova, adressing the soil maintenance in na attempt to investigate which technique is the most suitable for the culture. The investigation focused on four modalities. In the control modality, the vegetation underwent occasional cuts. The herbicide modality consisted on the herbicide application, with the use of diflufenican + 160 g/L glyphosate (Zarpa) on the first application, and herbicide 360 g/L glyphosate (Touchdown Premium) on the second. On the soil covering techniques, the Ecoblancket in the blanket modality was used and the weeds anti-growth screen in the screen modality. In order to investigate the effect of each of these modalities, the following procedures were executed: 1) soil tempereture monitoring with the aid of a thermography that weekly registered the soil temperature at 5 cm deep in the herbicide, blancket and screen modalities; 2) plants’ nutritional conditions; 3) weeds control evaluation using visual estimation of the soil coverage percentage and the correspondent to the occupation of each weed species in the control and herbicide modalities; 4) plant development culture with AST measurement in all of the modalities. In short, the modality with the best results regarding soil temperature was the blancket modality, because it allows minor temperature variations. In the matter of the nutrients, there were differences between the techniques in respect of the N, K and Mn, although it isn’t clear which technique had more influence in this parameter. Despite the weed control with the herbicide application, it is necessary to repeat the application once the herbicide action starts to loose effect, whereas the soil coverage has a continuous effect. The effect of these techniques was notorious on the plant development culture, showing that the covered soil techniques favour the plants’ growth because they avoid the competition and keep the optimal temperature and humidity conditions to the plant development.
Access restrictions
openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Language
por
Comments